Zohar Introductionย
ย Zohar Prologue | Complete reading with a faithful translation in english, accompanied by the original text in Hebrew and Aramaic. An essential work of Kabbalah.ย
Embedded Files
๐ MAKE A DONATION
Zohar Introduction | Complete Reading in English
Zohar Introduction | Complete Reading in English
Zohar Introduction: The introduction to the Zohar presents a complex mystical cosmogony that describes the creation of the universe through divine emanations, letters, and precepts. The Assembly of Israel is symbolized by a rose with 13 petals, representing the attributes of mercy, and five strong petals called "Salvasions," which correspond to the 50 portals of understanding. A central metaphysical concept is the distinction between Mi (Who), the upper and hidden extremity of heaven that subsists for questioning, and Mah (That), the lower extremity that represents what can be contemplated, although it remains hidden. The union of Mi with the letters of Elleh ("These things") completes the divine name Elohim , a mystery revealed by the prophet Elijah that sustains the existence of the world.
Creation was accomplished through the letters of the alphabet , which the Holy One, Blessed be He, contemplated for two thousand years before beginning the work. Although all the letters claimed the right to initiate creation, the letter Bet was chosen to represent blessing ( Berakhah ), while Aleph was established as the head of them all, symbolizing Divine Unity. The world is sustained by the study of Torah , especially by the voices of young children; each word of wisdom renewed by those who dedicate themselves to Torah ascends to the "Ancient of Days" and creates new heavens and a new earth . However, the text warns that teaching Torah incorrectly or without proper instruction creates a "firmament of vanity" that strengthens destructive forces, such as the "Woman of Harlots."
Shabbat is described as the "Land of Life" and the fourth leg of the upper Throne, uniting the higher and lower aspects of holiness. The narrative includes profound spiritual encounters, such as the mystery of the donkey driver, who reveals himself to be Rav Hamnuna Sava , bringing revelations about the central point of creation and the hidden meaning of biblical figures like Benayahu. The Zohar also details the 14 precepts (mitzvot) drawn from the Genesis account, emphasizing that the Fear of the Lord is the first precept and the gateway to faith, while Love must be complete, subsisting in both rigor and mercy. Other fundamental precepts include Unification (Shema), the use of Tefillin to reflect the divine image, the practice of charity to maintain the human form of Adam, and the sanctification of Shabbat, which requires guarding against impure influences and recognizing the separation between the sacred and the profane.
โ Hebrew source text: The Mantua Edition (original from 1558-1560) ย / The Historical Edition of Cremona (1558-1560)
โ Source : Wikisource.
โ Translation: Semantics, with high philological rigor, by Elizeu ASย
ZOHAR - INTRODUCTION
ZOHAR - INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1
(Vilna 1a)
(Vilna 1a)
ย
1:1 Rabbi แธคizkiyah [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึฐืงึดืึธึผื] began the exposition: it is written (Song of Songs 2:2) (Pinแธฅas [ืคื ืืก] 233; Parashat Tissa [ืชืฉื] 189): โLike a rose among thornsโ (ke-shoshannah bein ha-แธฅoแธฅim [ืึฐึผืฉืืึนืฉึทืื ึธึผื ืึตึผืื ืึทืืึนืึดืื]). Who is the rose (shoshannah [ืฉืืึนืฉึทืื ึธึผื])? This is the Assembly of Israel (keneset yisra'el [ืึฐึผื ึถืกึถืช ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]). (For there is a rose and there is a rose.) Just as the rose, which is among the thorns, possesses red (sumaq [ืกืึผืึธืง]) and white (แธฅivvar [ืึดืึธึผืจ]), so too the Assembly of Israel possesses Rigor (din [ืึดึผืื]) and Mercy (raแธฅamei [ืจึทืึฒืึตื]). Just as the rose has thirteen petals ('alin [ืขึธืึดืื]), so too does the Assembly of Israel possess thirteen attributes of mercy (telisar mekhilan de-raแธฅamei [ืชึฐึผืึตืืกึทืจ ืึฐืึดืืึธื ืึฐึผืจึทืึฒืึตื]) that surround it on all its sides (mikkol sitraha [ืึดืึธึผื ืกึดืึฐืจึธืึธื]). The Divine Name ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) found here (Naso [ื ืฉื] 131b, 138, 147; Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 186a), from the moment it was mentioned (misha'ta de-idkar [ืึดืฉึทืืขึฐืชึธึผื ืึฐึผืึดืึฐืึทึผืจ]), uttered thirteen words (telisar tevin [ืชึฐึผืึตืืกึทืจ ืชึตึผืืึดืื]) to surround and guard the Assembly of Israel.
ย
1:2 Later, it was mentioned again. Why was it mentioned again? To cause the five strong petals (แธฅamesh 'alin taqqifin [ืึธืึตืฉื ืขึธืึดืื ืชึทึผืงึดึผืืคึดืื]) that surround the rose (Pinแธฅas [ืคื ืืก] 233; cf. 107a) to sprout. And these five are called Salvations (yeshu'ot [ืึฐืฉืืึผืขืึนืช]). And these five are the [fifty] gates (แธฅamshin tar'in [ืึทืึฐืฉึดืืื ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]). Of this mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]) it is written (Psalm 116:13) (Terumah [ืชืจืืื] 169): โI will lift up the cup of salvationsโ (kos yeshu'ot 'essa [ืึผืึนืก ืึฐืฉืืึผืขืึนืช ืึถืฉึธึผืื]), for this is the Chalice of Blessing (kos shel berakhah [ืึผืึนืก ืฉึถืื ืึฐึผืจึธืึธื]). The Blessing Chalice should be held on five fingers (แธฅamesh 'etsbe'an [ืึธืึตืฉื ืึถืฆึฐืึฐึผืขึธื]) and no more, similar to the rose that rests on five strong petals, like the five-finger model. And this rose is (Terumah [ืชืจืืื] 131) the Blessing Chalice. From the second 'elohim tinyana [ืึฑืืึดืื ืชึดึผื ึฐืึธื ึธื] to the third 'elohim telita'ah [ืึฑืืึดืื ืชึฐึผืึดืืชึธืึธื], there are five words. From this point forward, the Light ('ou [ืืึนืจ]) that was created and hidden (itgeniz [ืึดืชึฐืึฐึผื ึดืื]) was included (itkelil [ืึดืชึฐืึฐึผืึดืื]) in that Covenant (berit [ืึฐึผืจึดืืช]) that penetrated the rose (var. alt.: โthisโ) and produced seed (zar'a [ืึทืจึฐืขึธื]) within it. And this is called the โfruit-bearing treeโ (62b), โwhose seed is in itโ (โets โoseh peri โasher zarโo vo [ืขึตืฅ ืขืึนืฉึถืื ืคึฐึผืจึดื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึทืจึฐืขืึน ืืึน]). And that seed properly resides in the sign of the covenant ('ot berit [ืืึนืช ืึฐึผืจึดืืช]).
ย
1:3 And just as the form of the covenant (diyyuqna de-verit [ืึดึผืึผืึผืงึฐึผื ึธื ืึดืึฐืจึดืืช]) is sown in forty-two couplings ('arba'in u-trein zivvugin [ืึทืจึฐืึฐึผืขึดืื ืึผืชึฐืจึตืื ืึดืึผืึผืึดืื]) of that seed (var. alt.: โthisโ), so the engraved and made explicit Name (shema gelifa mefarash [ืฉึฐืืึธื ืึฐืึดืืคึธื ืึฐืคึธืจึทืฉื]) is sown in the forty-two letters ('arba'in u-trein 'atvan [ืึทืจึฐืึฐึผืขึดืื ืึผืชึฐืจึตืื ืึทืชึฐืึธื]) of the Work of Creation ('ovada de-vereshit [ืขืึนืึธืึธื ืึดึผืึฐืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]).
ย
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 2
(Vilna 1b)
(Vilna 1b)
ย
2:1 At the beginning, Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] began the exposition (Song of Songs 2:12) (97a; 39b; Vayiqra [ืืืงืจื] 4b; infra, 5): โThe buds appeared in the earthโ (ha-nitzanim nir'u va-arets [ืึทื ึดึผืฆึธึผื ึดืื ื ึดืจึฐืืึผ ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ]). The buds (ha-nitzanim [ืึทื ึดึผืฆึธึผื ึดืื]) are the Work of Creation ('ovada de-vereshit [ืขืึนืึธืึธื ืึดึผืึฐืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]). When did they appear on the earth (nir'u va-arets [ื ึดืจึฐืืึผ ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ])? On the third day, for it is written: โAnd the earth brought forthโ (va-totse ha-arets [ืึทืชึผืึนืฆึตื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ]); then they appeared on the earth. โThe time of pruning has comeโ ('et ha-zamir higi'a [ืขึตืช ืึทืึธึผืึดืืจ ืึดืึดึผืืขึท]): this is the fourth day, on which the pruning of the tyrants took place (zemir 'aritsim [ืึฐืึดืืจ ืขึธืจึดืืฆึดืื]); and the word โluminariesโ is written defectively (me'orot แธฅaser [ืึฐืึนืจึนืช ืึธืกึตืจ]). โAnd the voice of the tortolaโ (ve-qol ha-tor [ืึฐืงืึนื ืึทืชึผืึนืจ]): this is the fifth day, for it is written: โLet the waters teem...โ to bring forth generations (toledot [ืชึผืึนืึธืืึนืช]). โIt is heardโ (nishma' [ื ึดืฉึฐืืึทืข]): this is the sixth day, for it is written: โLet us make manโ (na'aseh 'adam [ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึธืึธื]), since Israel was destined to prioritize doing over hearing, as it is written here โLet us make manโ (na'aseh 'adam [ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึธืึธื]) and it is written there โWe will do and we will hearโ (na'aseh ve-nishma' [ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึฐื ึดืฉึฐืืึทืข]). โIn our landโ (be-artsenu [ืึฐึผืึทืจึฐืฆึตื ืึผ]): this is the day of Shabbat, which is the image of the Land of Life (erets ha-แธฅayyim [ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทืึทืึดึผืื]).
ย
2:2 (This is the World to Come ('olam ha-ba [ืขืึนืึธื ืึทืึธึผื]), the world of souls, the world of consolations.) (Alt. variant: another interpretation.) The buds (ha-nitzanim [ืึทื ึดึผืฆึธึผื ึดืื]) are the Patriarchs (avahan [ืึฒืึธืึธื]) who entered Thought (ba-maแธฅashavah [ืึทึผืึทึผืึฒืฉึธืืึธื]) and entered the World to Come ('alma de-atei [ืขึธืึฐืึธื ืึฐึผืึธืชึตื]), and were hidden there. And from there they went out in concealment (bi-genizu [ืึดึผืึฐื ึดืืืึผ]) and hid themselves within (go [ืืึน]) (var. alt.: in them (beho [ืึฐึผืืึน])) the Prophets of Truth (nevi'ei qeshot [ื ึฐืึดืืึตื ืงึฐืฉืืึนื]). Joseph (Yosef [ืืึนืกึตืฃ]) was born, and they hid themselves in him. Joseph entered the Holy Land (ar'a qaddisha [ืึฐึผืึทืจึฐืขึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) and planted them there; then they appeared on earth and revealed themselves there. And when are they seen? At the hour when the rainbow (qeshet [ืงึถืฉึถืืช]) manifests itself in the world. For, at the hour when the rainbow is seen, then they reveal themselves; and at that hour the time of pruning has arrived ('et ha-zamir higi'a [ืขึตืช ืึทืึธึผืึดืืจ ืึดืึดึผืืขึท]): it is the time to cut off the guilty (แธฅayyavin [ืึทืึธึผืึดืื]) of the world. Why are they spared? Because the buds appeared on the earth. And, were it not for their appearance, they would not subsist in the world, nor would the world be maintained.
ย
2:3 And who sustains the world and causes the Patriarchs to reveal themselves? The voice of little children (qal yenoqei [ืงึทื ืึฐื ืึนืงึตื]) who deal with the Torah (de-la'an be-orayta [ืึฐึผืึธืขึธืื ืึฐึผืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]); and because of these children of the world (ravyein de-'alma [ืจึทืึฐืึธืื ืึฐึผืขึธืึฐืึธื]), the world is spared. Concerning them it is written (Song of Songs 1:11): โWe will make you ornaments of goldโ (I took zahav na'aseh lakh [ืชึผืึนืจึตื ืึธืึธื ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึธืึฐ]). These are the children, the little ones of the world (yenoqei ravyein 'ulmin [ืึฐื ืึนืงึตื ืจึทืึฐืึธืื ืขืึผืึฐืึดืื]), as it is written (Exodus 25:18): โYou shall make two Cherubim of goldโ (ve-'asita shenayim keruvim zahav [ืึฐืขึธืฉึดืืืชึธ ืฉึฐืื ึทืึดื ืึฐึผืจืึผืึดืื ืึธืึธื]).
ย
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 3
ย
3:1 At the beginning, Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] began the exposition (Isaiah 40:26): โLift up your eyes on high and see Who (mi [ืึด"ื]) created these things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื])โ (30a). Lift up your eyes on high: to what place (le-an atar [ืึฐืึธื ืึฒืชึทืจ])? To the place to which all eyes are fixed (de-khol 'ayinin talyan lei [ืึฐึผืึธื ืขึทืึฐืื ึดืื ืชึธึผืึฐืึธืื ืึตืืึผ]). And who is This? for the question (qayma la-she'elah [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืึธื ืึทืฉึฐึผืืึตืึธื]). This is He (Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 140a) who is called the extremity of heaven above (mi-qetse ha-shamayim le-'eila [ืึดืงึฐืฆึตื ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืึฐืขึตืืึธึผื]), for everything subsists under His dominion. And, because He subsists for the question and follows a hidden path without revealing Himself, He is called Who (mi [ืึด"ื]); for above there is no question there. And this extremity of heaven is called Who (mi [ืึด"ื]).
ย
3:2 And there is another below, and it is called Que (mah [ืึท"ื]). What difference is there between this one and that one? The first, hidden one, which is called Quem (mi [ืึด"ื]), remains for questioning (Terumah [ืชืจืืื] 138a; Vayaqhel [ืืืงืื] 211; Beha'alotekha [ืืืขืืืชื] 148b; infra 9a, 16, 167a; Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 157). When man asks and searches to contemplate and know from degree to degree, until the end of all degrees, upon arriving there: Que (mah [ืึท"ื]). What did you know? What did you contemplate? What did you search out? Behold, everything remains hidden as before.
ย
3:3 And concerning this mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]) it is written (Lamentations 2): โWhat shall I give you as a testimony? To what shall I compare you?โ (mah a'idakh mah adammeh lakh [ืึธื ืึฒืขึดืืึตืึฐ ืึธื ืึฒืึทืึถึผื ืึธืึฐ]). When the Temple was destroyed, a voice came forth and said: โWhat shall I give you as a testimony?โ (var. alt.: โAnd to what shall I compare you? By this What (mah [ืึท"ื]) I will give you testimonyโ) every day and day. Behold, I have already testified concerning you from ancient days, as it is written (Deuteronomy 30): โI call heaven and earth to witness against you today.โ And โto what shall I compare you?โ Precisely in that way: I crowned you with holy crowns, I made you rule over the world, as it is written (Lamentations 2): โThis is the city of which they said: perfection of beauty...โ I called you (Psalm 122): โJerusalem, built as a city that was compactly joined together.โ And it is written (Lamentations 2): โWhat shall I compare you to?โ (mah ashveh lakh [ืึธื ืึทืฉึฐืืึถื ืึธึผืึฐ]). As you are now, so it is, so to speak, above. Just as the holy people do not enter you in holy orders now, so also I say to you that I will not enter above until your multitudes enter you below. Now that you are here, great as the sea is your ruin. And, if you say that you have no sustenance nor cure, Who (mi [ืึด"ื]) will heal you (Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 237b). Surely, that hidden and supreme degree, in which all subsists, will heal and restore you.
ย
3:4 Who (mi [ืึด"ื]) is the extremity of the heavens above; and What (mah [ืึท"ื]) is the extremity of the heavens below (qetse ha-shamayim le-tata [ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืชืชื]). And this Jacob inherited, for he is the bar (mavriaแธฅ [ืึทืึฐืจึดืืึท]) that goes from extremity to extremity, from the first extremity, which is Who (mi [ืึด"ื]), to the last extremity, which is What (mah [ืึท"ื]), because it stands in the middle. And therefore: Who (mi [ืึดื]) created these things (bara elleh [ืึธึผืจึธื ืึตืึถึผื]).
ย
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4
(Vilna 2a)
(Vilna 2a)
ย
4:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said: El'azar [ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ], my son, interrupt your word, so that the secret of the supreme mystery may be revealed (seventh de-raza 'ila'ah [ืกึฐืชึดืืึธื ืึฐืจึธืึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) that the ืื ื ืืขืืื do not know. Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] was silent. Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] wept and remained for a moment (var. alt.: one hour). Said Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื]: El'azar, my son, what are these things (mah elleh [ืึทืื ืึตืึถึผื])? If you say that they are the stars and the signs (kokhavayya u-mazzalei [ืึนึผืึฐืึทืึธื ืึผืึทืึธึผืึตื]), they already see themselves there continually. And they were created by Que (ve-mah itberiu [ืึผืึฐืึธึผ"ื ืึดืชึฐืึฐึผืจึดืืืึผ]), as you say (Psalm 33:6): โBy the word of the Lord the heavens were made.โ If it were a matter of hidden things (millin setimin [ืึดืึดึผืื ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื]), one should not write these things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื]), for this is already revealed.
ย
4:2 But this mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]) was not revealed to me until one day, when I was by the sea (keif yamma [ืึตึผืืฃ ืึทืึธึผื]), and Elijah (Eliyyahu [ืึตืึดืึธึผืืึผ]) came and said to me: Rabbi, do you know what it is? Who created these things (mi bara elleh [ืึดื ืึธึผืจึธื ืึตืึถึผื])? I answered him: these are the heavens and their hosts (shmayya ve-แธฅeilehon [ืฉึฐืืึทืึธึผื ืึฐืึตืืึตืืึนื]), the work of the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), and it is up to man to contemplate them and bless Him, as it is written (Psalm 8:4-2, according to the Hebrew numbering): โWhen I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers...โ and also: โO Lord, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth.โ
ย
4:3 He said to me: Rabbi, a hidden word (millah setima [ืึดืึธึผื ืกึฐืชึดืืึธื]) was before the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), and it was revealed in the Celestial Academy (metivta 'ila'ah [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื ืขึดืึธึผืื]); and it is this. At the time when the Hidden of all hidden (setima de-khol setimin [ืึดึผืกึฐืชึดืืึธื ืึฐืึธื ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื]) wanted to reveal itself, it first made a point (nequdah [ื ึฐืงืึผืึธ"ื]) (infra 15a; Mishpatim [ืืฉืคืืื] 105a; 9b; Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 226b, 228a), and this ascended to become Thought (maแธฅashavah [ืึทืึฒืฉึธืืึธื]). On it it drew all the drawings (kol tziyyurin [ืึธึผื ืฆึดืึผืึผืจึดืื]); on it it engraved all the engravings (kol gelifin [ืึธึผื ืึฐึผืึดืืคึดืื]).
ย
4:4 And he engraved, within the hidden holy lamp (botzina qaddisha setima [ืึผืึนืฆึดืื ึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื ืกึฐืชึดืืึธื]), the engraving of a hidden form (gelifu de-แธฅad tziyyura setima'ah [ืึฐึผืึดืืคืึผ ืึฐึผืึทื ืฆึดืึผืึผืจึธื ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื]), Holy of Holies (qodesh qodashim [ืงึนืึถืฉื ืงึธืึธืฉึดืืื]), deep building (binyana 'amiqa [ืึดึผื ึฐืึธืื ึธื ืขึฒืึดืืงึธื]) that came forth from within Thought (maแธฅashavah [ืึทืึฒืฉึธืืึธื]) and is called Who (mi [ืึด"ื]), the beginning (sheiruta [ืฉึตืืืจืึผืชึธื]) (alt. var.: the principle) of the building. It subsists and does not subsist. It is deep and hidden in the Name. It is called none other than Who (mi [ืึด"ื]). He wanted to reveal himself and be called by the Name (this), and he clothed himself in a precious garment that shines (levush yeqar de-nahir [ืึดืึฐืึผืฉื ืึฐืงึธืจ ืึฐึผื ึธืึดืืจ]) and created these things (bara elleh [ืึธึผืจึธื ืึตืึถึผื]). And He raised these things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผ"ื]) into the Name. These letters (atvan [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื]) joined together, and the Name Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) was completed. And, before creating these things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื]), He did not ascend into the Name Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]). And those who sinned in the calf ('egla [ืึฐึผืขึถืึฐืึธื]) (alternative variant: in the world), concerning this mystery said (Exodus 32): โThese are your gods, O Israelโ (elleh eloheikha yisra'el [ืึตืึถึผื]). ืึฑืึนืึถืืึธ ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]).
ย
4:5 And just as He (mi [ืึด"ื]) is associated with these things (be-elleh [ืึฐึผืึตืึถึผื]), so too is the Name that is always associated. And by this mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]) the world subsists. Then Elijah (Eliyyahu [ืึตืึดืึธึผืืึผ]) flew away, and I did not see him again. And from him I learned this word (millah [ืึดืึธึผื]), which we set up (de-oqimna [ืึฐืืึนืงึดืืึฐื ึธื]) (alternative variant: and established) concerning his mystery and his secret. Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื] came. [ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ], and all the companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธืื]), and they bowed down before him.
ย
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
(Vilna 2a)
(Vilna 2a)
ย
5:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said: Therefore the heavens and their hosts (shemayya ve-แธฅeilehon [ืฉึฐืืึทืึธื ืึฐืึตืืึตืืืึนื]) were created by Que (be-mah [ืึฐึผืึธึผ"ื]), as it is written (Psalm 8, right there): โWhen I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers...โ And it is also written (Psalm 8, right there): โHow mighty is your name in all the earth, whose majesty has been set above the heavens.โ Regarding the heavens: this is to ascend in the Name. For He created a light for His light (nehora li-nehorei [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื ืึดื ึฐืืึนืจึตืืึผ]), and this was clothed in that, and ascended in the supreme Name. [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช ืึธึผืจึธื ืึฑืืึดืื]); this is the supreme Elohim ('elohim 'ila'ah [ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), because That (mah [ืึธ"ื]) was not thus, nor was it built.
ย
5:2 But at the time when these letters (atvan illein [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื ืึดืึตึผืื]) these things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผ"ื]) (var. alt.: these) were drawn from above downwards, the Mother (imma [ืึดืึธึผื]) lent the Daughter (livrata [ืึดืึฐืจึธืชึธื]) her vessels and adorned her with her ornaments (qishuteha [ืงึดืืฉืืึผืึฐืึธื]). ืึฐึผืืึนืจึธื]) appeared before her, as it is written: โbefore the Lord YHWHโ; and this is called Lord (adon [ืึธืืึนื]), as you It says (Joshua 3:11): โBehold the Ark of the Covenant, the Lord of all the earth.โ Then the ื came out and the ื came in, and it was adorned with the male vessels (manei dekhora [ืึธืื ึตื ืึฐืืึผืจึธื]) in the sight of every male in Israel.
ย
5:3 And other letters (atvan aแธฅoranin [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื ืึธืึณืจึธื ึดืื]) Israel drew down from above to this place, as it is written (Psalm 42:5): โThese things I will rememberโ (elleh ezkerah [ืึตืึถึผื ืึถืึฐืึฐึผืจึธื]). I recall them with my mouth and pour out my tears (with the desire of my soul, to draw down these letters); and then I carry them down from above to the House of Elohim (beit 'elohim [ืึตึผืืช ืึฑืึนืึดืื]), so that it may become Elohim according to its form. And with what? (Psalm 42:5): โWith the voice of singing and thanksgiving, a multitude rejoicing.โ Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said: My silence built the Sanctuary above and built the Sanctuary below. And surely, a word is worth a saddle (millah be-sela' [ืึดืึธึผื ืึฐึผืกึถืึทืข]), silence is worth two (mishtoqa bi-trein [ืึดืฉึฐืืชึผืึนืงึธื ืึดึผืชึฐืจึตืื]). A word is worth a saddle: that which we have said and in which we have moved. Silence is worth two: that which I have kept silent, through which two worlds were created and built as one.
ย
5:4 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said: From here on comes the fulfillment of the verse, as it is written (Isaiah 40:26): โHe who brings out his hosts by numberโ (ha-motsi be-mispar tseva'am [ืึทืึผืึนืฆึดืื ืึฐึผืึดืกึฐืคึธึผืจ ืฆึฐืึธืึธื]). There are two degrees (trein dargin [ืชึฐึผืจึตืื ืึทึผืจึฐืึดึผืื]) that need to be noted, each of them: one is Que (mah [ืึธ"ื]) and one is Quem (mi [ืึด"ื]); this one is superior and this one is inferior. This superior one was noted and said (Exodus [ืฉืืืช] 168b, 138b): โHe who brings forth his hosts by number.โ He who brings forth (ha-motsi [ืึทืึผืึนืฆึดืื]) is He who is known and has no equal. Likewise: โHe who brings forth bread from the earth.โ He who brings forth is He who is known; this is the inferior degree, and all is one. In number, they are sixty myriads (shittin ribbo [ืฉึดืืชึดึผืื ืจึดืึผืึนื]) that subsist as one, and they bring forth hosts according to their kinds, which are beyond number.
ย
5:5 (Var. alt.: according to this manner.) To all of them, among those sixty and among all their hosts, He calls by Name (be-shem yiqra' [ืึฐึผืฉึตืื ืึดืงึฐืจึธื]). What does it mean: He calls by Name? If you say that He called them by their names, it is not so; for if it were so, He should say: by their name. But, at the time when that degree did not ascend in the Name (above) and was called Who (mi [ืึด"ื]), it did not generate nor cause to come forth the hidden things according to their kind, although they were all hidden in it. When it created these things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผ"ื]) and ascended in its Name, and was called Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]), then, by the power of that Name, it caused them to come forth in fullness. And this is: by Name He calls; by that Name which is His, He called and caused to come forth each kind and kind, to subsist in its fullness. Likewise (Exodus 31:2): โSee, I have called by nameโ (re'eh qara'ti ve-shem [ืจึฐืึตื ืงึธืจึธืืชึดื ืึฐืฉึตืื]). I have made mention of My Name to subsist in Beth-salel (Betsal'el [ืึฐึผืฆึทืึฐืึตื]) in the permanence of its perfection.
ย
5:6 โBy the abundance of strengthโ (me-rov onim [ืึตืจืึนื ืืึนื ึดืื]) (Isaiah 40:26): what does โby the abundance of strengthโ mean? This is (Pequdei [ืคืงืืื] 231b) the head of the degrees (reish dargin [ืจึดืืฉื ืึทึผืจึฐืึดึผืื]), in which all desires (kol re'utin [ืึธึผื ืจึฐืขืึผืชึดืื]) ascend and rise by a hidden path. โAnd mighty in strengthโ (ve-ammits koaแธฅ [ืึฐืึทืึดึผืืฅ ืึนึผืึท]): this is the mystery of the upper world (raza de-'alma 'ila'ah [ืจึธืึธื ืึฐึผืขึธืึฐืึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) that ascended in the Name Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]), as we have said. โNo lackโ (ish lo ne'dar [ืึดืืฉื ืึนื ื ึถืขึฐืึธึผืจ]) among those sixty myriads that He brought forth by the power of the Name. And because none is missing, in every place where Israel died and was punished for its sins, they were counted, and not one was missing from among those sixty myriads (157a; Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 22a), so that everything would be one form (diyyuqna แธฅada [ืึดืืึผืงึฐื ึธื ืึฒืึธื]). Just as none is missing above, so also none is missing below.
ย
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 6
(Vilna 2b)
(Vilna 2b)
ย
6:1 In the beginning, Rav Hamnuna, the Elder (Rav Hamnuna Sava [ืจึทื ืึทืึฐื ืึผื ึธื ืกึธืึธื]), said: We find the letters (atvan [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื]) in reverse order (be-hippukha [ืึฐึผืึดืคึผืึผืึธื]). The letter Bet (bet [ื]) comes first and then. The first Bet (bet [ื]) is in โIn the beginningโ (bereshit [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]); โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]) comes after. The letter Alef (alef [ื]) comes first and then. The first Aleph (alef [ื]) is in Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]); 'et ('et [ืึถืช]) comes after. But, when the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), wished to make the world, all the letters were hidden (setimin [ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื]); and, for two thousand years, before the world was created, the Holy One, Blessed be He, contemplated them and delighted in them.
ย
6:2 When He wished to create the world, all the letters came before Him, from the last to the first. The letter Tav (tav [ืช]) was the first to enter. It said: Lord of the worlds, may it please You to create the world through me, for I am the seal of Your signet, Truth (emet [ืึฑืึถืช]), and You are called Truth (emet [ืึฑืึถืช]); it is fitting for the King (Truth) to begin with the letter of Truth and through me to create the world. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to it: Beautiful are You, and worthy are You; But you are not fit to have the world created by you, because you are destined to be engraved on the foreheads of the faithful men who fulfilled the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืชึธื]) from Aleph (alef [ื]) to Tav (tav [ืช]), and by your inscription they will die. And furthermore: you are the seal of death. Because of this, you are not fit to have the world created by you. Immediately she left.
ย
6:3 The letter Shin (shin [ืฉ]) entered before Him and said: Lord of the worlds, may it please You to create the world through me, for through me Your Name is called Shaddai (shaddai [ืฉึทืืึทึผ"ื]), and it is fitting to create the world through the holy Name. He said to it: Beautiful are You, and good are You, and true are You; but, because the letters of falsehood (atvan de-ziyyufa [ืึธืชึฐืึธืื ืึฐึผืึดืึผืึผืคึธื]) take you to be with them, I do not want to create the world through you, for falsehood (shiqra [ืฉึดืืงึฐืจึธื]) does not endure unless Qof (qof [ืง]) and Resh (resh [ืจ]) take you with them.
ย
6:4 From this we learn that whoever wishes to speak falsehood (shiqra [ืฉึดืืงึฐืจึธื]) must first take a foundation of truth (yesoda di-qeshot [ืึฐืกืึนืึธื ืึดืงึฐืฉืืึนื]) and then establish the falsehood. For the letter Shin (shin [ืฉ]) is the letter of truth (qeshot [ืงึฐืฉืืึนื]), the letter of truth of the Patriarchs (avahatan [ืึฒืึธืึธืชึธื]) who united in it. Qof (qof [ืง]) and Resh (resh [ืจ]) are letters that show themselves on the wrong side (sitra bisha [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึดืืฉึธืื]); And, to keep them together, they take the letter Shin (shin [ืฉ]) in the middle of them, and thus it becomes a bond (qesher [ืงึถืฉึถืืจ]). When she saw this, she left His presence.
ย
6:5 The letter Tsadi (tsadi [ืฆ]) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world for me, because the righteous (tsaddiqim [ืฆึทืึดึผืืงึดืื]) are sealed by me (alternative variant: by me); and You, who are called Righteous (tsaddiq [ืฆึทืึดึผืืง]), are marked by me, as it is written (Psalm 11:7): โโโFor the Lord is righteous, He loves justiceโ; and it is fitting for me to create the world. I said to it: Tsadi (tsadi [ืฆ]), righteous are you, and righteous are you called; but you must remain hidden, you must not be revealed so much, so as not to give the world an opening to speak. Why? The letter Nun (nun [ื ]) is in it; The Yod (yod [ื]) of the Name of the Holy Covenant (berit qaddisha [ืึฐืจึดืืช ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) comes, mounts upon it and unites with it (alt. vars.: and united / and was united). And the mystery of this is that when the Holy One, Blessed be He, created the first man (adam ha-rishon [ืึธืึธื ืึธืจึดืืฉืืึนื]), He created him with a double face (du parแบufin [ืืึผ ืคึทึผืจึฐืฆืึผืคึดืื]). Therefore, the face of the Yod (yod [ื]) turns, according to this form [figure missing], and not face to face, according to this form [figure missing]. The male looked upwards, according to this form [figure missing], and the female looked downwards, according to this form [figure missing]. The Holy One, Blessed be He (alternative variant: turns / goes), said to her: I am destined to saw you in two and make you face to face, but you will ascend in another place. She went out from before Him and departed.
ย
6:6 Then the letter Pe (pe [ืค]) entered and said: Lord of the worlds, may it please you to create the world for me, because the redemption (purqana [ืคึผืึผืจึฐืงึธื ึธื]) that you are destined to work in the world is marked by me, and this is redemption (pedut [ืคึฐึผืืึผืช]); and it is fitting for me to create the world. He said to her: Beautiful are you; but in you is marked the transgression (pesha' [ืคึถึผืฉึทืืข]) in concealment, like the serpent (แธฅivya [ืึดืืึฐืึธื]) that wounds and withdraws its head into its body. Likewise, whoever sins bows their head and stretches out their hands. And so also the letter Ayin (ayin [ืข]) of iniquity ('avon [ืขึธืึนื]); although she said that there is humility in her ('anavah [ืขึฒื ึธืึธื]), the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to her: the world will not be created by you. She went out.
ย
6:7 The letter Samekh (samekh [ืก]) entered and said: Lord of the worlds, may it please you to create the world for me, because in me there is support for the fallen (semikha la-noflin [ืกึฐืึดืืึธื ืึทื ึนึผืคึฐืึดืื]), as it is written (Psalm 145:14): โThe Lord upholds all who fall.โ It said to her: Therefore you must remain in your place and not move from it; if you leave your place, what will become of those who fall (6a), since they rely on you? Immediately she left.
ย
6:8 Then the letter Nun (nun [ื ]) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world through me, for it is written through me: โterrible in praisesโ (nora tehilot [ื ืึนืจึธื ืชึฐืึดืึผืึนืช]), and โthe praise of the righteous is beautiful praiseโ (tehilah de-tsaddiqim na'vah tehilah [ืชึฐืึดืึธึผื ืึฐึผืฆึทืึดึผืืงึดืื ื ึธืืึธื ืชึฐืึดืึธึผื]). He said to it: Nun (nun [ื ]), return to your place, for because of you Samekh (samekh [ืก]) has returned to its place and has begun to sustain you. Immediately she returned to her place and left His presence.
ย
6:9 The letter Mem (mem [ื]) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world through me, for through me you are called King (melekh [ืึถืึถืึฐ]). He said: So be it; but the world will not be created by you, because the world needs a king. Return to your place, you and Lamed (lamed [ื]) and final Kaf (khaf [ื]), for it is not fitting that the world should subsist without a king.
ย
6:10 At that time the letter Kaf (khaf [ื]) descended from before Him, from the throne of His glory, and trembled. It said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world through me, for I am your glory (kevodekha [ืึฐืืึนืึธืึฐ]). And when the letter Kaf (khaf [ื]) descended from the throne of His glory, two hundred thousand worlds (8b) trembled, and the throne shook, and all the worlds trembled, about to fall. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to it: Kaf (khaf [ื]), Kaf (khaf [ื]), what are you doing here? The world will not be created by you. Return to your place, for in you is the consummation (kelayah [ืึฐึผืึธืึธื]), as it is said (Isaiah 10:23): โa consummation and decision.โ Return to your throne and remain there. At that hour she left His presence and returned to her place.
ย
6:11 The letter Yod (yod [ื]) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world through me, for I am the beginning of the holy Name (sheiruta di-shema qaddisha [ืฉึตืืืจืึผืชึธื ืึดืฉึฐืืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), and it is fitting for You to create the world through me. I said to it: It is enough that you are engraved in Me, and inscribed in Me, and all My desire rises in you; you are not fit to be torn away from My Name.
ย
6:12 The letter Tet (Tet [ื]) (Terumah [ืชืจืืื] 152a) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world for me, because you are called Good and Righteous (tov ve-yashar [ืืึนื ืึฐืึธืฉึธืืจ] by me. He said to it: The world will not be created by you, because your good (tuvakh [ืืึผืึธืึฐ]) is hidden within you and kept within you, as it is written (Psalm 31:20): โHow great is your good that you have stored up for those who fear you.โ Since it is hidden within you, there is no portion in it for this world that I want to create, but only for the world to come (Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 152a). Furthermore, because your good is hidden within you, the doors of the Temple will sink, as it is written (Lamentations 2:9): โIts doors have sunk into the ground.โ And again: the letter Het (แธฅet [ื]) is before you; and when you unite as one, behold แธคet-Tet (แธฅet-tet [ื"ื]), that is, sin. Therefore, these letters are not inscribed on the holy tribes. Immediately it departed from before Him.
ย
6:13 The letter Zayin (zayin [ื]) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world for me, because for me your children keep the Shabbat (shabbat [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]), as it is written (Exodus 20:8): โRemember the Sabbath day to keep it holyโ (zakhor et yom ha-shabbat le-qaddesho [ืึธืืึนืจ ืึถืช ืืึนื ืึทืฉึทึผืืึธึผืช ืึฐืงึทืึฐึผืฉืืึน]). He said to her: The world will not be created by you, because in you is battle (qerava [ืงึฐืจึธืึธื]), a sharp-edged sword (แธฅarba de-shinnana [ืึทืจึฐืึธึผื ืึฐึผืฉึดืื ึฐื ึธื]) and a war spear (romaแธฅa di-qerava [ืจืึนืึธืึธื ืึดืงึฐืจึธืึธื]), in the manner of the letter Nun (nun [ื ]). Immediately she went out from before Him.
ย
6:14 The letter Vav (vav [ื]) entered and said: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world through me, because I am a letter of your Name. He said to it: Vav (vav [ื]) is you, and He (he [ื]); it is enough that you are letters of My Name, for you are in the mystery of My Name (raza di-shemi [ืจึธืึธื ืึดืฉึฐืืึดื]), engraved and carved in My Name, and through you the world will not be created.
ย
6:15 Then the letter Dalet (dalet [ื]) and the letter Gimel (gimel [ื]) entered and said the same thing. He also said to them: It is enough for you to remain one with the other, for the poor (miskenin [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึดืื]) will not cease from the world, and it is necessary to show them kindness (tivu [ืึดืืืึผ]). Dalet (dalet [ื]) is poverty (miskena [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึธื]); Gimel (gimel [ื]) is to repay kindness (gemol lah tivu [ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึธืึผ ืึดืืืึผ]). Do not separate from one another; it is enough for you to support one another.
ย
6:16 The letter Bet (bet [ื]) entered and said to him: Lord of the world, may it please you to create the world through me, because through me they bless you above and below. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to him: Surely through you the world will be created, and you will be the beginning of the creation of the world.
ย
6:17 The letter Aleph (alef [ื]) remained standing and did not enter. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to it: Aleph (alef [ื]), Aleph (alef [ื]), why did you not enter before Me, like all the other letters? It said before Him: Lord of the world, because I saw that all the letters left Your presence without profit; what would I do there? And, moreover, You have already given this great gift to the letter Bet (bet [ื]), and it is not fitting for the supreme King to take back the gift He gave to His servant to give it to another. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to it: Aleph (alef [ื]), Aleph (alef [ื]), even though the world is created by the letter Bet (bet [ื]), you will be the head of all the letters. There is no unity in Me except through you. In you all calculations (แธฅushbanin [ืืึผืฉึฐืืึธึผื ึดืื]) and all the works of the world will take their origin, and all unity is made only by the letter Alef (alef [ื]).
ย
6:18 And the Holy One, Blessed Be He, made large upper letters (atvan 'ila'in ravrevan [ืึธืชึฐืึธืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื ืจึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) and small lower letters (atvan tata'in ze'irin [ืึธืชึฐืึธืื ืชึทึผืชึธึผืึดืื ืึฐืขึดืืจึดืื]). And so there is Bet (bet [ื]) and Bet (bet [ื]) in โIn the beginning he createdโ (bereshit bara [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช ืึธึผืจึธื]); Alef (alef [ื]) and Alef (alef [ื]) in Elohim 'et ('elohim 'et [ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึถืช]). Letters above and letters below, and all were as one, proceeding from the upper world and the lower world.
ย
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 7
(Vilna 3b)
(Vilna 3b)
ย
7:1 Rabbi Yudai [ืจึดืึดึผื ืืึผืึธืื] said: What is โIn the beginningโ (bereshit [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช])? With Wisdom (be-แธฅokhmah [ืึฐึผืึธืึฐืึธื]). This is Wisdom (แธฅokhmah [ืึธืึฐืึธื]), upon which the world subsists, to enter into the higher hidden mysteries (razin setimin 'ila'in [ืจึธืึดืื ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]). And here (Bereshit [ืืจืืฉืืช] 40b) six large upper sides were engraved (shith sitrin ravrevin 'ila'in [ืฉึดืืืช ืกึดืึฐืจึดืื ืจึทืึฐืจึฐืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]), of which all proceeds, and from which six springs and rivers (shith meqorin ve-naแธฅalin [ืฉึดืืืช ืึฐืงืึนืจึดืื ืึฐื ึทืึฒืึดืื]), to enter the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]). And this is: โHe created sixโ (bara shith [ืึธึผืจึธื ืฉึดืืืช]); from here they were created. Who created them? The One who is not mentioned, the Hidden One who is not known (satim de-la yedi'a [ืกึธืชึดืื ืึฐึผืึธื ืึฐืึดืืขึท]).
ย
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 8
(Vilna 3b)
(Vilna 3b)
ย
8:1 Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] and Rabbi Yosi [ืจึดืึดึผื ืืึนืกึตื] were walking along the road. When they came to a certain field (แธฅaqal [ืึฒืงึทื]), Rabbi แธคiyya said to Rabbi Yosi: What you said, โHe created sixโ (bara shith [ืึธึผืจึธื ืฉึดืืืช]), is certainly true; because they are six superior days (shith yomin 'ila'in [ืฉึดืืืช ืืึนืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]) in relation to the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), and no more. The others are hidden (setimin inun [ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื ืึดื ึผืึผื]).
ย
8:2 But we see, on the sides of โIn the beginningโ (sitrei bereshit [ืกึดืึฐืจึตื ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]), that it is said thus. An engraving (gelifei [ืึฐึผืึดืืคึตื]) (alternative variant: the engraving) was engraved on that hidden Holy One (satima'ah qaddisha [ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), in the heart of a certain concealment (me'oi de-แธฅad temiru [ืึฐืขืึนื ืึฐึผืึทื ืึฐืึดืืจืึผ]) that is fastened (alternative variant: that is marked) on a nailed point (nequdah de-na'its [ืึดึผื ึฐืงืึผืึธื ืึฐึผื ึธืขึดืืฅ]). That recording (gelifei [ืึฐึผืึดืืคึตื]) (alt. var.: the recording) was recorded and hidden within it, like someone keeping everything under a single key (maphteแธฅa แธฅada [ืึทืคึฐืชึฐึผืึธื ืึธืึธื]); and that key keeps everything in a Palace (heikhala แธฅada [ืึตืืึธืึธื ืึธืึธื]). And, although everything is kept in that Palace, the principle of everything resides in that key. That key closes and opens.
ย
8:3 In that Palace (heikhala [ืึตืืึธืึธื]) there are many hidden treasures (genizin setimin [ืึฐึผื ึดืืึดืื ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื]), one upon another. In that Palace there are Gates (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]), works of concealment (ovad setimu [ืขืึนืึทื ืกึฐืชึดืืืึผ]), and they are fifty. They were engraved on four sides and made forty (SI: and nine). One Gate (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) has no side; it is not known whether it is above or below (SI: he above, she below). And therefore, that Gate is hidden.
ย
8:4 In the midst of these Gates (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]) there is a Lock (man'ula [ืึทื ึฐืขืึผืึธื]) and a subtle place for the entry of this key (maphteแธฅa [ืึทืคึฐืชึฐึผืึธื]); and it is marked only by the sign of the key. No one knows it except this key (SI: of the opening), it alone. And concerning this mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]), it is written: โIn the beginning God createdโ (bereshit bara 'elohim [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช ืึธึผืจึธื ืึฑืึนืึดืื]). โIn the beginningโ (bereshit [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]) is that key, in which everything is hidden; and it closes and opens, and six Gates (shith tar'in [ืฉึดืืืช ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]) are included in it, in that key which it closes and opens. When it closes these Gates and includes them within itself (var. alt.: and consumes them within itself), then surely it is written โIn the beginningโ: a manifest word (millah galyah [ืึดืึธึผื ืึทืึฐืึธื]) in the inclusion of a hidden word (millah setima'ah [ืึดืึธึผื ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื]). And everywhere, โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]) is a hidden word. It closed and did not open.
ย
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 9
(Vilna 3b)
(Vilna 3b)
ย
9:1 โโRabbi Yosi [ืจึดืึดึผื ืืึนืกึตื] said: Surely it is so; and I heard it from the holy Luminary (botzina qaddisha [ืึผืึผืฆึดืื ึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), which said thus: โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]) is a hidden word (millah setima'ah [ืึดืึธึผื ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื]), closed and not open. And, while it remained enclosed in the word โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]), the world neither existed nor subsisted, and Tohu (tohu [ืชึนึผื"ืึผ]) covered everything. And, when this Tohu (tohu [ืชึนึผื"ืึผ]) dominated, the world neither existed nor subsisted.
ย
9:2 When did this key (maphteแธฅa [ืึทืคึฐืชึฐึผืึธื]) open the Gates (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]) and become available for use and to produce generations (toledin [ืชึผืึนืึฐืึดืื])? When Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื] came), as it is written: โThese are the generations of the heavens and the earth in their creationโ (elleh toledot ha-shamayim ve-ha-arets be-hibbar'am [ืึตืึถึผื ืชึผืึนืึฐืืึนืช ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืึฐืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฐึผืึดืึธึผืจึฐืึธื]); and we learn: โin Abrahamโ (be-Avraham [ืึฐึผืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]). And that which was all hidden in the word โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]), the letters (atvan [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื]) returned to service, and the Pillar that produces generations ('ammuda de-'avad toledin [ืขึทืึผืึผืึธื ืึฐึผืขึฒืึทื ืชึผืึนืึฐืึดืื]), the Member ('ever [ืึตืึถืจ]), the Holy Foundation (yesoda qaddisha [ืึฐืกืึนืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) upon which the world subsists, came forth.
ย
9:3 When that Member ('ever [ืึตืึถืจ]) was marked in the word โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]), then the superior Hidden One (setima'ah 'ila'ah [ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื ืขึดืืึธืึธื]) marked another marking for His Name and for His glory (var. alt.: the holy one to reveal). And this is Who (mi [ืึด"ื]). And โcreated these thingsโ (bara elleh [ืึธึผืจึธื ืึตืึถึผื]); likewise, the Holy Name which is blessed, and which is That (mah [ืึท"ื]), was marked. And He brought forth from โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผืจึธื]) the Member ('ever [ืึตืึถืจ]). And He marked it with these things (be-elleh [ืึฐึผืึตืึถึผื]) on one side and with the Member ('ever [ืึตืึถืจ]) on the other side: the hidden Holy One (setima'ah qaddisha [ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]). These things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื]) remain; the Member ('ever [ืึตืึถืจ]) remains. When this is completed, that is completed. He engraved this Member, He engraved these things.
ย
9:4 The letters (atvan [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื]) awoke to complete this side and that side; Then He brought forth the letter Mem (mem [ื"ื]). He took one for this side and one for that side; the holy Name was completed and became Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]), and likewise the name of Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]). When this was completed, that was completed. And there are those who say that the Holy One, Blessed be He, took Quem (mi [ืึดื]) and cast it into โthese thingsโ (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื]), and became Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]); and took Que (mah [ืึทื]) and cast it into โMemberโ ('ever [ืึตืึถืจ]), and became Abraham (Avraham). [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธ"ื]). (And the word Who (mi [ื"ื]) alludes to the fifty Gates of Understanding (binah [ืึดึผืื ึธื]), and in it is the Yod (yod [ืื"ื]), the first letter of the holy Name. And the word That (mah [ื"ื]) alludes to the number of the holy Name, and in it is the second letter of the holy Name, YHWH. As it is said (Psalm 144:15): โBlessed is the people for whom such things areโ; and (Job 26:7): โHe hangs the earth upon the land of the Lord (beli mah [ืึฐึผืึดื ื"ื])โ. And thus two worlds were established: by the Yod (yod [ืื"ื]), the world to come; by the He (he [ื"ื]), this world. That is: by Whom (mi [ื"ื]) He created the world. coming, and by What (mah [ื"ื]) He created this world. And this is an allusion to the high and the low.) Then He produced generations (toledot [ืชึผืึนืึฐืืึนืช]), and a complete Name (shema shelim [ืฉึฐืืึธื ืฉึฐืืึดืื]) came forth, that which did not exist before. This is what is written: โThese are the generations of the heavens and the earth, in their being createdโ (elleh toledot ha-shamayim ve-ha-arets be-hibbar'am [ืึตืึถึผื ืชึผืึนืึฐืืึนืช ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืึฐืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฐึผืึดืึธึผืจึฐืึธื]); all were suspended until the name of Abraham was created (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]). Once that name of Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]) was completed, the holy Name was completed. This is what is written: โOn the day that YHWH Elohim made the earth and the heavens.โ
ย
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 10
(Vilna 4a)
(Vilna 4a)
ย
10:1 Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] prostrated himself on the ground, kissed the dust ('afra [ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื]), wept and said: Dust, dust, how stiff-necked you are, how audacious you are. For all the delights of the eye (maแธฅamaddei 'eina [ืึทืึฒืึทืึตึผื ืขึตืื ึธื]) are consumed in you; all the pillars of light of the world ('ammudei nehorin de-'alma [ืขึทืึผืึผืึตื ื ึฐืืึนืจึดืื ืึฐึผืขึธืึฐืึธื]) you devour and reduce to dust. How audacious you are, for the holy Luminary (botzina qaddisha [ืึผืึนืฆึดืื ึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), which illuminated the world, the great ruler, the chief in whose merit the world subsists, was consumed in you. Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื], light of the Luminary, light of the worlds (nehiru de-botzina nehiru de-'almin [ื ึฐืึดืืจืึผ ืึฐึผืืึผืฆึดืื ึธื ื ึฐืึดืืจืึผ ืึฐึผืขึธืึฐืึดืื]), you were consumed in the dust and yet you survive and guide the world. He was stunned for a moment and said: Dust, dust, do not become proud, for the pillars of the world will not be delivered to you, for Rabbi Shimon [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] was not consumed within you.
ย
10:2 Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] stood up and wept. He left, and Rabbi Yosi [ืจึดืึดึผื ืืึนืกึตื] went with him. From that day on, he fasted forty days to see Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื]. They told him: You are not allowed to see him. He wept and fasted another forty days. They showed him, in a vision (be-แธฅezva [ืึฐึผืึถืึฐืึธืื]), Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] and Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ], his son, who were discussing this word that Rabbi Yosi [ืจึดืึดึผื ืืึนืกึตื] had said, and many thousands were listening to their discourse.
ย
10:3 Meanwhile he saw how many great superior wings (gadfin ravrevin 'ila'in [ืึทืึฐืคึดืื ืจึทืึฐืจึฐืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]) there were; Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] and Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ], his son, ascended over them and ascended to the Academy of the Firmament (metivta di-rqia [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื ืึดืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]), and all those wings were waiting for them. He saw that they returned and were renewed in their splendor, shining brighter than the light of the sun's brilliance.
ย
10:4 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened it and said: Come in Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] and see how much the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), is destined to renew the countenance of the righteous (anpei tsaddiqayya [ืึทื ึฐืคึตึผื ืฆึทืึดึผืืงึทืึธึผืื]) for time to come. Happy is he who enters here without shame (bela kisufa [ืึฐึผืึธื ืึดืกึผืึผืคึธื]), and happy is he who remains in that world as a firm pillar in everything. And he saw that, when he entered, Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] and the other pillars who were seated there stood up. He was ashamed, withdrew, entered and sat at the feet of Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื].
ย
10:5 A voice came and said: Lower your eyes. Do not lift your head or look. He lowered his eyes and saw a light shining in the distance. The voice returned, as before, and said: Superiors, hidden ones, concealed ones, with open eyes (peqiแธฅei 'eina [ืคึฐึผืงึดืืึตื ืขึตืื ึธื]), you who traverse the whole world, look and see. Inferiors (var. alt.: tannaim [ืชึทึผื ึธึผืึดืื]), sleeping ones, hidden in your cavities, awaken.
ย
10:6 Who among you turns darkness into light and tastes bitterness as sweetness before coming here? Who among you waits each day for the light that shines at the hour when the King visits the Doe (ayyalta [ืึทืึทึผืึฐืชึธึผื]) (Vayaqhel [ืืืงืื] 196a), and glorifies himself and is called King above all the kings of the world? Whoever does not wait for this each day in that world has no share here.
ย
10:7 However, he saw how many of his companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธืื]) surrounded him, beside all those pillars that remained standing. And he saw that they were raising them to the Academy of the Firmament (metivta di-rqia [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื ืึดืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]). Some went up and others went down. And above them all, he saw the Lord of the Wings (mari de-gadfei [ืึธืืจึตื ืึฐืึทืึฐืคึตื]) coming.
ย
10:8 And he pronounced the oath which he had heard from behind the King's Veil (pargoda de-malka [ืคึทึผืจึฐืึผืึนืึธื ืึฐึผืึทืึฐืึธึผื]): that the King, every day, remembers the Doe (ayyalta [ืึทืึทึผืึฐืชึธึผื]) that lies in the dust, and at that moment strikes the three hundred and ninety firmaments (Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 42b), and they all tremble and shake before Him. And He sheds tears for this; and these burning tears fall like fire into the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]). And from these tears arises that One in Charge of the Sea (memanna de-yamma [ืึฐืึทื ึธึผื ืึฐืึทืึธึผื]), and he subsists and sanctifies the Name of the holy King. And he takes upon himself to swallow all the waters of Creation and gather them into himself, at the hour when all nations gather against the holy people; then the waters will dry up, and they will pass through on dry land.
ย
10:9 However, he heard a voice saying: Make way, make way, for behold, the Messiah King (malka meshicha [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืึฐืฉึดืืืึธื]) is coming to the Academy of Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื], because all the righteous ones who are there are heads of academies, and those academies are marked. And all those companions who, in each academy, ascend (alternative variant: ascend) from the academy here to the Academy of the Firmament (metivta di-rqia [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื ืึดืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]), the Messiah comes to all these academies and seals the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) from the mouths of the sages (rabbanan [ืจึทืึธึผื ึธื]). And, at that hour, the Messiah comes crowned by the aromas of the academies (alternative variant: heads of the academies), with superior crowns.
ย
10:10 At that time, all those companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธืื]) stood up, and Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] stood up; his light rose to the height of the firmament. He said to him: Rabbi, happy are you, for your Torah (oraytakh [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธืึฐ]) ascends in three hundred and seventy lights (tlat me'ah ve-shiv'in nehorin [ืชึฐึผืึทืช ืึฐืึธื ืึฐืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ื ึฐืืึนืจึดืื]); and each light and light unfolds itself into six hundred and thirteen senses (shith me'ah u-tleisar ta'amin [ืฉึดืืืช ืึฐืึธื ืึผืชึฐืึตืืกึทืจ ืึทืขึฒืึดืื]), which ascend and bathe in the rivers of pure balm (naharei afarsmona dakhya [ื ึทืึฒืจึตื ืึฒืคึทืจึฐืกึฐืืึนื ึธื ืึทืึฐืึธื]). And the Holy One, Blessed Be He, seals the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) from your academy and from the academy of แธคizkiyah [ืึดืึฐืงึดืึธึผื], king of Judah, and from the academy of Aแธฅiyyah ha-Shiloni [ืึฒืึดืึธึผื ืึทืฉึดึผืืืืึนื ึดื].
ย
10:11 And I did not come to seal from your academy; rather, the Lord of Wings (mari de-gadfin [ืึธืืจึตื ืึฐืึทืึฐืคึดืื]) comes here, because I know that he does not enter other academies but yours. At that time, Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] told him about that oath that the Lord of Wings (mari de-gadfin [ืึธืืจึตื ืึฐืึทืึฐืคึดืื]) makes. Then the Messiah trembled, raised his voice, the heavens trembled, the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]) trembled, Leviathan (Livyatan [ืึดืึฐืึธืชึธื]) trembled, and the world seemed about to be subverted. Meanwhile, he saw Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] at the feet of Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื]. He said: Who brought here a man clothed in the garment of that world (mada de-hahu 'alma [ืึทืึธึผื ืึฐืึทืืึผื ืขึธืึฐืึธื])? Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said (to him): This is Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื], the light of the Torah Luminary (nehiru de-botzina de-orayta [ื ึฐืึดืืจืึผ ืึฐืืึผืฆึดืื ึธื ืึฐืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). He said to him: Let him be reunited with his children, and let them be of your academy. Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said: You will receive time.
ย
10:12 They gave him time, and he went out from there, trembling, and his eyes were brimming with tears. Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] trembled, wept, and said: Happy is the portion of the righteous (tsaddiqayya [ืฆึทืึดึผืืงึทืึธืื]) in that world, and happy is the portion of Bar Yoแธฅai (Bar Yoแธฅai [ืึทึผืจ ืืึนืึธืื]), who deserved it. About him it is written (Proverbs 8:21): โTo make substance inherit to those who love me, and I will fill their treasuries.โ
ย
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 11
(Vilna 4b)
(Vilna 4b)
ย
11:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened the exposition; it is written (Isaiah 51:16): โAnd I have put My words in your mouth.โ How important is it for man (bar nash [ืึทึผืจ ื ึธืฉื]) to engage in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) day and night, for the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), hear the voice of those who are concerned with the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]); and, of every word that is renewed in the Torah (millah de-itแธฅaddash be-orayta [ืึดืึธึผื ืึฐืึดืชึฐืึทืึธึผืฉื ืึฐึผืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) by the hand of one who engages in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), He makes a firmament (reqi'a [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]).
ย
11:2 We learn: at the time when a word of the Torah (millah de-orayta [ืึดืึธึผื ืึฐืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) is renewed from the mouth of a man (bar nash [ืึทึผืจ ื ึธืฉื]), that word ascends and presents itself before the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]). The Holy One, Blessed be He, takes that word, kisses it, and crowns it with seventy engraved and inscribed crowns (shiv'in 'itrin gelifin u-meแธฅaqqeqan [ืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ืขึดืึฐืจึดืื ืึฐึผืึดืืคึดืื ืึผืึฐืึทืงึฐึผืงึธื]). And the word of Wisdom (millah de-แธฅokhmta [ืึดืึธึผื ืึฐึผืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]) which has been renewed ascends and sits upon the head of the Righteous One, Life of the worlds (tzaddiq แธฅai 'almin [ืฆึทืึดึผืืง ืึทื ืขึทืึฐืึดืื]). From there it flies and travels seventy thousand worlds (shiv'in elef 'almin [ืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ืึถืึถืฃ ืขึทืึฐืึดืื]) and ascends to the Ancient of Days (attiq yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]). And all the words of the Ancient of Days (attiq yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]) are words of Wisdom (millin de-แธฅokhmta [ืึดืึดึผืื ืึฐึผืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]), in higher hidden mysteries (be-razin setim 'ila'in [ืึฐึผืจึธืึดืื ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]).
ย
11:3 And that hidden word of Wisdom (millah setima de-แธฅokhmta [ืึดืึธึผื ืกึฐืชึดืืึธื ืึฐืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]) which was renewed here, when it ascends, is united with those words of the secrets of the Ancient of Days (millin de-razin de-attiq yomin [ืึดืึดึผืื ืึฐืจึธืึดืื ืึฐึผืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]), ascends and descends with them and enters into eighteen hidden worlds (temneisar 'almin genizin) [ืชึทึผืึฐื ึตืืกึทืจ ืขึธืึฐืึดืื ืึฐึผื ึดืืึดืื]), about whom it is written (Isaiah 64:3): โNo eye has seen, O God, besides You.โ They go forth from there and wander, coming full and complete, and present themselves before the Ancient of Days (attiq yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]). At that hour, the Ancient of Days (attiq yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]) inhales the aroma of that word, and it is more pleasing to Him than anything. He takes this word and crowns it (Shemot [ืฉืืืช] 14) with three hundred and seventy thousand crowns (tlat me'ah ve-shiv'in elef 'itrin [ืชึฐึผืึทืช ืึฐืึธื ืึฐืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ืึถืึถืฃ ืขึดืึฐืจึดืื]). This word flies, rises, descends and becomes a firmament (reqi'a [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]).
ย
11:4 And thus every word and word of Wisdom (millah u-millah de-แธฅokhmta [ืึดืึธึผื ืึผืึดืึธึผื ืึฐึผืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]) remains in perfect subsistence before the Ancient of Days (attiq yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]). And He calls them new heavens (shamayim แธฅadashim [ืฉึธืืึทืึดื ืึฒืึธืฉึดืืื]), renewed heavens (shamayim meแธฅudashim [ืฉึธืืึทืึดื ืึฐืืึผืึธืฉึดืืื]), hidden of the mysteries of superior Wisdom (setimin de-razin de-แธฅokhmta 'ila'ah [ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื ืึฐึผืจึธืึดืื ืึฐึผืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]). And all the other words of the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) that are renewed remain before the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), ascend and become Lands of Life (artsot ha-แธฅayyim [ืึทืจึฐืฆืึนืช ืึทืึทืึดึผืื]). And they descend and crown themselves beside a land, and everything is renewed and becomes a new land (erets แธฅadashah [ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืึธืฉึธืื]) of that word which was renewed in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]).
ย
11:5 Therefore it is written (Isaiah 66:22): โFor as the new heavens and the new earth that I make stand before Meโฆโ It is not written โI made,โ but โI make,โ because He continually does so through these renewals and mysteries of the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). And, therefore, it is written (Isaiah 51:16): โI have put My words in your mouth and covered you with the shadow of My hand, to plant the heavens and lay the foundations of the earth.โ It is not written โthe heavens,โ but โheavensโ (shamayim [ืฉึธืืึธืึดื]).
ย
11:6 Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said: What does โand with the shadow of My hand I have covered youโ mean? He said to him: At the time the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) was given to Moses, many myriads of superior angels (mal'akhei 'ila'in [ืึทืึฐืึฒืึตื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]) came to burn it with the flame of their mouths, until the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), covered it. And now, when this word ascends, is crowned and stands before the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), He covers this word and safeguards this man (bar nash [ืึทึผืจ ื ึธืฉื]), so that it may not be known among them except by the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]). And they do not envy Him until new heavens and a new earth are made from this word. This is what is written: โAnd with the shadow of My hand I have covered you, to plant the heavens and lay the foundations of the earth.โ From this we learn that every word hidden from view ascends to a higher purpose. This is what is written (Isaiah 51:16): โAnd with the shadow of My hand I have covered you.โ And why was it hidden and veiled from view? Because of its higher purpose. This is what is written: โto plant the heavens and lay the foundations of the earth,โ as it was said.
ย
11:7 And โto say to Zion: You are My people.โ And โto sayโ to those Gates (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]) and words (millin [ืึดืึดึผืื]) marked one above the other: You are My people. Do not read (Tiqqun 18, 35b) โYou are My peopleโ (โammi atah [ืขึทืึดึผื ืึธืชึธึผื]), but โYou are with Meโ (โimmi atah [ืขึดืึดึผื ืึธืชึธึผื]), to become a partaker with Me. Just as I, by My word (millula dili [ืึดืึผืึผืึธื ืึดืืึดื]), made the heavens and the earth, as it is said (Psalm 33:6): โBy the word of the Lord the heavens were made,โ so also you. Blessed are those who engage in Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). And if you say that the word of any man, even if he does not know, does this...
ย
11:8 Come and see. He whose way is not in the mysteries of the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) (Yitro [ืืชืจื] 87a), and who renews words without knowing their righteousness as is fitting, that word ascends and goes to meet that Man of Perversities, Tongue of Lies (ish tahpukhot, leshon shaqer [ืึดืืฉื ืชึทึผืึฐืคึผืึผืืึนืช ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืฉึธืืงึถืจ]) (Proverbs 16:28), who leaps from the opening of the Great Abyss (nuqba di-tehoma rabba [ื ืึผืงึฐืึธื]). ืึดืชึฐืืึนืึธื ืจึทืึธึผื]) five hundred parasangas (แธฅamesh me'ah parsei [ืึฒืึตืฉื ืึฐืึธื ืคึทึผืจึฐืกึตื]) to receive this word. He takes it, enters with this word into its cavity and makes it a firmament of vanity (reqi'a de-shav [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื ืึฐืฉึธืืึฐื]) called Tohu (tohu [ืชึนึผืืึผ]).
ย
11:9 Over this firmament flies that Man of Wickedness (ish tahpukhot [ืึดืืฉื ืชึทึผืึฐืคึผืึผืืึนืช]) six thousand parasangas (shitta alfei parsei [ืฉึดืืืชึธึผื ืึทืึฐืคึตื ืคึทึผืจึฐืกึตื]) in a single instant. As soon as this firmament of vanity (reqi'a de-shav [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื ืึฐืฉึธืืึฐื]) is established, the Woman of Prostitution (eshet zenunim [ืึตืฉึถืืช ืึฐื ืึผื ึดืื]) (Pekudei [ืคืงืืื] 275a) immediately emerges, clings to this firmament of vanity (alternative variant: she) (alternative variant: and the man of wickedness), associates herself with it, and from there she goes forth and kills many thousands and tens of thousands, because, when she is established in this firmament, she has permission and power to fly throughout the world in a single instant.
ย
11:10 Therefore it is written (Isaiah 5:18): โWoe to those who draw iniquity with cords of vanity.โ This iniquity ('avon [ืขึธืึนื]) is the male. And โlike the harness of a chariot, Sin (แธฅattaโah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื]).โ Who is Sin (แธฅattaโah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื])? It is the female who is called Sin (แธฅattaโah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื]). It draws the one who is called Iniquity ('avon [ืขึธืึนื]) with these cords of vanity; And then, โlike the harness of a chariot, Sin (แธฅattaโah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื]),โ that is, that female called Sin (แธฅattaโah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื]), for there she strengthens herself to fly and kill men. And therefore it is written (Proverbs 7:26): โFor many are the slain whom she has caused to fall.โ Who is โshe has caused to fallโ? It is this Sin (แธฅattaโah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื]) that kills men. Who causes this? The disciple of the wise (talmid แธฅakham [ืชึทึผืึฐืึดืื ืึธืึธื]) who has not reached instruction and yet instructs. May the Merciful One (Raแธฅmana [ืจึทืึฒืึธื ึธื]) deliver us.
ย
11:11 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said to his companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธืื]): I beg you not to let out of your mouths words of Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) that you do not know and have not heard from a great Tree (ilana ravreva [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืจึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) as is fitting (Yitro [ืืชืจื] 87a), lest you cause that Sin (แธฅatta'ah [ืึทืึธึผืึธื]) to bring death to Human multitudes in vain. They all opened their doors and said: May the Merciful (Raแธฅmana [ืจึทืึฒืึธื ึธื]) deliver us, may the Merciful (Raแธฅmana [ืจึทืึฒืึธื ึธื]) deliver us.
ย
11:12 Come and see. By the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) He created the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), the world; and we have already established this, for it is written (Proverbs 8:30): โThen I was with Him as a craftsman, and I was His delight day after day.โ And He contemplated it once, twice, three times, and four times; then He enunciated it, and then He worked through it the work. This to teach men that they should not err in it. As it is said (Job 28:27-28): โThen he saw it, and numbered it, and established it, and also searched it out; and said to man.โ
ย
11:13 And corresponding to the four times are those of which it is written: โThen he saw it,โ โand numbered it,โ โestablished it,โ and โalso searched it out.โ The Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), created what He created. And before bringing forth the work of His office, He first introduced four words, as it is written: โIn the beginningโ (bereshit [ืึฐ'ืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]), โcreatedโ (bara [ืึธึผ'ืจึธื]), โElohimโ ('elohim [ืึฑ'ืึนืึดืื]), and the particle โetโ ('et [ืึถ'ืช]); Here are four. And then: โthe heavens.โ These correspond to the four times that the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), contemplated the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) before bringing forth the work of His art.
ย
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12
(Vilna 5b)
(Vilna 5b)
ย
12:1 Rabbi El'azar was going to visit Rabbi Yosi, son of Rabbi Shim'on ben Laqonya, his father-in-law, and Rabbi Abba was with him; a man was leading the donkeys behind them. Rabbi Abba said: โLet us open the openings of the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), for this hour and this time are proper for ordering the way.โ
ย
12:2 Rabbi El'azar opened the exposition and said; it is written (Leviticus 19:30): โYou shall keep My Sabbaths.โ Come and see: in six days He created the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), the world. And, each day, He manifested the work that corresponded to it and conferred its power upon it on that same day. When did He manifest the work and confer its power upon it? On the fourth day. For the first three days were all hidden and had not been revealed; when the fourth day arrived, He brought forth the work and the power of them all.
ย
12:3 For the fire (esha [ืึถืฉึธึผืื]), the water (mayya [ืึทืึธึผื]) and the spirit (ruแธฅa [ืจืึผืึธื]), although they are the three higher foundations, remained suspended, and their operation did not become manifest until the earth (ar'a [ืึทืจึฐืขึธื]) revealed them; then the proper art of each became known.
ย
12:4 And if you say, โBut on the third day it is written, โLet the earth bring forth grass,โ and also, โThe earth brought forth,โโ the answer is: though it was written on the third day, it belonged to the fourth day, and was included in the third so that everything might be one, without separation. Then, on the fourth day, the work of each one was revealed, to make the proper art of each one appear; for the fourth day is the fourth leg of the superior Throne (kursayya 'ila'ah [ืึผืึผืจึฐืกึฐืึธืื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]).
ย
12:5 And all their works, whether of the first days or of the last, were suspended on the Sabbath day (shabbat [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]). This is what is written (Genesis 2:2): โAnd God finished on the seventh day.โ This is the Sabbath (shabbat [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]), and this is the fourth leg of the Throne.
ย
12:6 And if you say, โIf so, why is it written, โYou shall keep My Sabbaths,โ in the plural?โ the answer is this: the upper Sabbath (shabbat โilaโah [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) and the Sabbath of the day itself (shabbata de-yoma mamash [ืฉึทืืึธึผืชึธื ืึฐืืึนืึธื ืึทืึธึผืฉื]) have no separation from each other.
ย
12:7 The donkey driver who was following them said to them, โWhat does it mean, โYou shall fear my sanctuaryโ?โ He replied, โIt refers to the holiness of the Sabbath (qiddusha de-shabbat [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึธืื ืึฐืฉึทืืึธึผืช]).โ He replied, โAnd what is the holiness of the Sabbath (qiddusha de-shabbat [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึธืื ืึฐืฉึทืืึธึผืช])?โ He answered, โIt is the holiness that extends from above.โ He said again, โIf that is so, then you make the Sabbath something that is not holy in itself, but only a receptacle for the holiness that rests upon it from above.โ Rabbi Abba said, โThat is so; it is written (Isaiah 58:13): โYou shall call the Sabbath a delight, and the Holy One of the Lord honorable.โ The Sabbath is mentioned separately, and the Holy One of the Lord separately.โ He then said, โIf so, who is the Holy One of the Lord?โ He answered, โIt is the holiness that descends from on high and rests upon Him.โ He said again, โIf the holiness that extends from on high is what is called honorable, then it is seen that the Sabbath is not in itself honorable; yet it is written: โand you shall honor Him.โโ Rabbi Elazar said to Rabbi Abba, โLeave this man alone, for there is in him a word of wisdom that we do not know.โ They said to him, โYou speak.โ
ย
12:8 He opened the exposition and said, โYou shall keep My Sabbaths.โ The particle โetโ (โet [ืึถืช]) comes to include the boundary of the Sabbath (teแธฅum shabbat [ืชึฐึผืืึผื ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]), which is two thousand cubits (alpayim ammin [ืชึฐึผืจึตืื ืึทืึฐืคึดึผืื ืึทืึดึผืื]) on each side. That is why โetโ is added. โMy Sabbathsโ: this is the upper Sabbath (shabbat 'ila'ah [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) and the lower Sabbath (shabbat tata'ah [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช ืชึทึผืชึธึผืึธื]), which are both included as one and hidden as one.
ย
12:9 There remained another Sabbath (shabbat [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]) that had not been mentioned and that remained in modesty. He said before the Lord of the world: โFrom the day you made me Sabbath, I am called Sabbath; but a day does not exist without night.โ He answered him: โMy daughter, you are Sabbath, and Sabbath I call you; but behold, I will crown you with a higher crown.โ Then a herald passed by and proclaimed: โMy sanctuary you fear.โ This is the Sabbath of the eve of the Sabbath, which is fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]), and upon it rests fear. And who is he? This is what the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), included when He said: โI am the Lord.โ And I heard from my father that he explained it this way. And he interpreted the particle โetโ (โet [ืึถืช]) exactly to include the boundary of the Sabbath (teแธฅum shabbat [ืชึฐึผืืึผื ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]). โMy Sabbathsโ: this is the circle (โiggula [ืขึดืึผืึผืึธื]) and the square (ribbuโa [ืจึดืึผืึผืขึท]) that is inside it, and these are two. Corresponding to these two, there are two sanctifications (qedushatin [ืงึฐืืึผืฉึธืืชึดืื]) that we must mention: one is โVayekhulluโ (vayekhullu [ืึทืึฐืึปืึผืึผ]), and the other is โQadoshโ (qadosh [ืงึธืืึนืฉื]). In โVayekhulluโ (vayekhullu [ืึทืึฐืึปืึผืึผ]) there are thirty-five words (tevin [ืชึตึผืืึดืื]), and in the sanctification (qiddusha [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึธืื]) with which we sanctify there are likewise thirty-five words (tevin [ืชึตึผืืึดืื]); everything amounts to seventy names (shiv'in shemahan [ืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ืฉึฐืืึธืึธื]) by which the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), and the Assembly of Israel (keneset yisra'el [ืึฐึผื ึถืกึถืช ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) are crowned.
ย
12:10 And because of the circle ('iggula [ืขึดืึผืึผืึธื]) and the square (ribbu'a [ืจึดืึผืึผืขึท]), which are these Sabbaths (shabbatot [ืฉึทืืึธึผืชืึนืช]), both are included in โkeepingโ (shamor [ืฉึธืืืึนืจ]), as it is written: โYou shall keepโ (tishmoru [ืชึดึผืฉึฐืืึนืจืึผ]). For the higher Sabbath (shabbat 'ila'ah [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) is not included here in "keeping" (shamor [ืฉึธืืืึนืจ]), but in "remembering" (zakhor [ืึธืืึนืจ]), because the higher King (malka 'ila'ah [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) is fulfilled in "remembering" (zakhor [ืึธืืึนืจ]). Therefore, He is called the King whose peace is His own, and His peace is "remembering" (zakhor [ืึธืืึนืจ]); and therefore, there is no dissension on high.
ย
12:11 For there are two peaces (shelomot [ืฉึฐืืืึนืืึนืช]) below: one is Jacob (Ya'aqov [ืึทืขึฒืงึนื]) and the other is Joseph (Yosef [ืืึนืกึตืฃ]). Therefore it is written twice (Isaiah 57:19): โPeace, peace, to him who is far off and to him who is near.โ โHe who is far offโ is Jacob (Yaโaqov [ืึทืขึฒืงึนื]); โhe who is nearโ is Joseph (Yosef [ืืึนืกึตืฃ]). โHe who is far off,โ as it is said (Jeremiah 31:3): โThe Lord appeared to me from afar,โ and also (Exodus 2:4): โHis sister stood at a distance.โ โThat which is near,โ as it is said (Deuteronomy 32:17): โnew ones, that have come recently.โ โFrom afarโ is the superior point (nequdah 'ila'ah [ื ึฐืงืึผืึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) that remains in its palace (heikhal [ืึตืืึธื]).
ย
12:12 Therefore, โyou shall keepโ (tishmoru [ืชึดึผืฉึฐืืึนืจืึผ]) includes everything in โkeepingโ (shamor [ืฉึธืืืึนืจ]). And โyou shall fear My sanctuaryโ: this is the point (nequdah [ื ึฐืงืึผืึธื]) that remains at the center, and which must be feared above all else, for the penalty for desecrating it is death. This is what is written (Exodus 31:14): โWhoever defiles it shall surely be put to death.โ Who is the one who desecrates it? He who enters the void of the circle ('iggula [ืขึดืึผืึผืึธื]) and the square (ribbu'a [ืจึดืึผืึผืขึท]), in the place where that point (nequdah [ื ึฐืงืึผืึธื]) resides, and strikes it: he shall surely die. Therefore it is written: โYou shall fearโ (he took [ืชึดึผืืจึธืืึผ]). And that point (nequdah [ื ึฐืงืึผืึธื]) is called โIโ ('ani [ืึฒื ึดื]); and upon it rests He who is the hidden superior, who does not reveal himself, and who is the Lord; and all is one. Rabbi El'azar and Rabbi Abba descended and kissed him. They said to him, โWhat wisdom is this that you have in your hand, and you walk behind us? Who are you?โ He answered them, โDo not ask who I am; rather, you and I will go and occupy ourselves with the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), and each of us will speak words of wisdom to illuminate the path.โ
ย
12:13 They said to him, โWho gave you permission to come here and be a donkey driver?โ He answered them, โThe letter Yod (yod [ืืืดื]) waged war against the two letters Kaf (kaf [ืืดืฃ]) and Samekh (samekh [ืกืืดื]) to join me. Kaf (kaf [ืืดืฃ]) did not want to separate from its place, because it cannot subsist even a moment outside of it. Samekh (samekh [ืกืืดื]) did not want to separate, because it supports those who fall; for, without Samekh (samekh [ืกืืดื]), they could not subsist.โ
ย
12:14 The letter Yod (yod [ืืืดื]) came to me alone, kissed me, embraced me, and wept with me. It said to me: โMy son, what shall I do for you? Behold, I will withdraw and be filled with many riches and superior, hidden, and precious treasures; then I will return to you, I will be your support, and I will give you as an inheritance two superior letters even more exalted than those that withdrew. These are the superior Yod (yod 'ila'ah [ืืึนืดื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) and the superior Shin (shin โilaโah [ืฉึดืืืดื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), so that they may be for you treasures full of everything.โ And therefore, my son, go and be a donkey driver. That is why I come in this way.
ย
12:15 Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Abba rejoiced and wept. They said to him, โGo on horseback, and we will ride behind you.โ He replied, โDid I not tell you that this is the Kingโs order, until that donkey driver comes?โ They said to him, โBut you have not told us your name, nor the place of your dwelling.โ He answered them, โMy dwelling place is excellent and very high for me. It is a tower (migdal [ืึดืึฐืึธึผื]) that flies in the air, great and precious. And those who dwell in it are the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), and a poor man.โ Rabbi Abba and Rabbi El'azar perceived what was in him and offered him sweet delicacies like manna and honey. They said to him, โPerhaps you will reveal to us the name of your father, so that we may kiss the dust of your feet.โ He answered them, โAnd why?โ It is not my custom to become arrogant with the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]).
ย
12:16 But my father dwelt in the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]), and he was a single fish (nuna [ื ืึผื ึธื]) that roamed the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]) from one end to the other. He was great, precious, and Ancient of Days ('attiq yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]), until he devoured all the other fish of the sea; then he brought them out alive and subsistent, full of all the good things of the world. In a single instant, in his strength, he crossed the sea, and rescued me from there like an arrow in the hand of a strong man. He hid me in that place of which I spoke to you; Then he returned to his place and hid in that sea.
ย
12:17 Rabbi El'azar listened attentively to his words and said to him: โYou are the son of the holy Lamp (butsina qaddisha [ืึผืึผืฆึดืื ึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]); you are the son of Rav Hamnuna Sava (Rav Hamnuna Sava [ืจึทื ืึทืึฐื ืึผื ึธื ืกึธืึธื]); you are the son of the light of the Torah (nehiru de-orayta [ื ึฐืึดืืจืึผ ืึฐืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), and yet you walk behind us!โ They wept together, kissed him, and continued on their way. They said to him, "If you find favor in the eyes of our master, let him tell us his name."
ย
12:18 He opened the exposition and said; it is written (2 Samuel 23:20): โAnd Benayahu, son of Yehoyada.โ This verse has already been established, and it is beautiful; however, it also came to show the higher mysteries of the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). โBenayahu, son of Yehoyadaโ: the word comes here in the secret of wisdom (แธฅokhmata [ืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]), and it is a hidden word; the name determines it. โSon of a living manโ (ben ish แธฅai [ืึถึผื ืึดืืฉื ืึทื]): this is the Righteous One, Life of the worlds (tsaddiq แธฅai 'almin [ืฆึทืึดึผืืง ืึทื ืขึธืึฐืึดืื]). โMaster of many worksโ (rav peโalim [ืจึทื ืคึฐึผืขึธืึดืื]): the lord of all works and of all superior armies, because all proceed from Him. He is the Lord of Hosts (YHWH tseva'ot [ืึฐืึธ ืฆึฐืึธืืึนืช]); in all His armies He is the sign and the greatest of all.
ย
12:19 โMaster of many worksโ (rav pe'alim [ืจึทื ืคึฐึผืขึธืึดืื]) is Meqabtse'el (Meqabtse'el [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืฆึดืืึตื]), this great and precious Tree (ilana [ืึดืืึธื ึธื]), greater than all. Where did you come from? From what degree did you come? The verse returns and says: โMeqabtse'elโ (Meqabtse'el [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืฆึดืืึตื]), a higher and hidden degree, which โno eye has seenโ (lo ra'atah 'ayin [ืึนื ืจึธืึธืชึธื ืขึทืึดื]) and in which everything is contained; and he gathers within himself, from the midst of the upper light (nehora 'ila'ah [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), and from himself makes everything come forth.
ย
12:20 And it is the holy Palace (heikhal qaddisha [ืึตืืึธืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), hidden, in which all degrees (dargin [ืึทึผืจึฐืึดึผืื]) gather and remain hidden. And in the body of this Palace (heikhal [ืึตืืึธื]), all the worlds and all the holy hosts subsist; from it they receive nourishment and upon it they are sustained.
ย
12:21 โHe struck down the two Ariels (ari'el [ืึฒืจึดืืึตื]) of Moab.โ Two sanctuaries (miqdashin [ืึดืงึฐืึธึผืฉึดืืื]) subsisted because of him and were nourished by him: the First Sanctuary and the Second Sanctuary. When he withdrew, the current flowing from on high was stopped; as if he himself struck them down, destroyed them, and devastated them. And the holy throne fell. This is what is written (Ezekiel 1:1): โAnd I was in the midst of the exile.โ That degree which is called โIโ ('ani [ืึฒื ึดื]) was in the midst of the exile. Why? By the river Chebar (nahar Kevar [ื ึฐืึทืจ ืึฐึผืึธืจ]), by the river that once flowed and ran, but whose waters and springs have ceased, so that it no longer flows as before.
ย
12:22 This is what is written (Job 14:11): โAnd the river dries up and runs dry.โ โIt dries upโ in the First Sanctuary; โit runs dryโ in the Second Sanctuary. And for this reason he struck down the two Ariels (ari'el [ืึฒืจึดืืึตื]) of Moab. โMoabโ (Moโav [ืืึนืึธื]), because they came from the Father who is in heaven; but because of him, they were destroyed and devastated, and all the lights (nehorin [ื ึฐืืึนืจึดืื]) that shone for Israel were dimmed.
ย
12:23 Moreover, โhe came down and struck the lionโ (aryeh [ืึฒืจึดืึตึผื]). In ancient times, when this river sent its waters down, Israel remained in integrity, offering sacrifices (divแธฅin [ืึดึผืึฐืึดืื]) and oblations (qorbanin [ืงึธืจึฐืึธึผื ึดืื]) for the atonement of their souls. Then the form of a lion (diyyuqna de-แธฅad aryeh [ืึดึผืึผืึผืงึฐื ึธื ืึฐืึทื ืึทืจึฐืึตื]) would descend from on high, and they would see it lying on the altar, crouching over its prey, devouring the sacrifices like a strong man. And all the dogs hid from before him and did not come out.
ย
12:24 When sins caused him to sin, he descended to the lower ranks and killed that lion (aryeh [ืึฒืจึดืึตึผื]), because he no longer wanted to give him the prey as before; as if he killed it. Certainly, he โwounded the lionโ (aryeh [ืึฒืจึดืึตึผื]). โInside the cisternโ (le-tokh ha-bor [ืึฐืชืึนืึฐ ืึทืึผืึนืจ]), before the eyes of the other and evil side (sitra aแธฅara bisha [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื ืึดึผืืฉึธืื]). When the other side saw this, it grew stronger and sent a dog to devour the sacrifices. And what was the name of that lion? Uri'el (Uri'el [ืืึผืจึดืืึตื]), because his face was the face of a lion. And what was the name of that dog? Bil'adan (Bil'adan [ืึดึผืึฐืึฒืึธื]). He was not in the category of man, but was a dog with a dog's face.
ย
12:25 โOn a snowy dayโ (be-yom ha-sheleg [ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึทืฉึถึผืืึถื]): on the day when sins caused judgment to be pronounced on high, from the supreme court. That is why it is written: โDo not fear for your house because of the snowโ; this is the superior judgment. And why? Because your whole house is clothed in scarlet (shanim [ืฉึธืื ึดืื]) and can withstand strong fire. That is the secret of the verse.
ย
12:26 What is written after this? (2 Samuel 23:21): โAnd he struck down an Egyptian, a man of vision.โ Here comes the secret of the verse to reveal that, every time Israel sinned, He withdrew and refused them all the good things and all the lights that shone for them. โHe struck down the Egyptianโ (ish mitzri [ืึดืืฉื ืึดืฆึฐืจึดื]): this is the light (nehora [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื]) of that splendor that shone for Israel. And who was he? Moses (Mosheh [ืึนืฉึถืื]), as it is written (Exodus 2:19): โAn Egyptian man delivered us.โ There he was born, there he grew up, and there he rose to the higher light.
ย
12:27 โMan of visionโ (ish mar'eh [ืึดืืฉื ืึทืจึฐืึถื]), as it is said (Numbers 12:8): โand in vision, and not by riddles.โ โManโ (ish [ืึดืืฉื]), as it is said (Deuteronomy 33:1): โthe man of God.โ As if master of that vision of the glory of the Lord (kevod YHWH [ืึฐึผืืึนื ื']). For he deserved to conduct that degree (darga [ืึทึผืจึฐืึธึผื]) upon the earth according to all his will, as no man deserved.
ย
12:28 โAnd in the Egyptianโs hand was a spearโ: this is the Staff of God (matteh ha-Elohim [ืึทืึตึผื ืึธืึฑืึนืึดืื]) that was given to him, as it is said (Exodus 17:9): โand the Staff of God is in my hand.โ This is the staff (matteh [ืึทืึถึผื]) that was created at twilight on the Sabbath, between the suns, and on which the holy Name was engraved. And by means of it Moses (Mosheh [ืึนืฉึถืื]) sinned with the rock, as it is said (Numbers 20:11): โAnd he struck the rock twice with his staff.โ The Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), said to him: โMoses, it was not for this that I gave you My staff; as surely as you live, it will no longer be in your hand.โ
ย
12:29 Immediately, โhe went down to him with a staffโ (2 Samuel 23:21), that is, with harsh judgment, โand took the spear out of the Egyptianโs hand.โ From that hour it was taken from him and never remained in his hand again. โAnd he killed him with his spear.โ Because of that sin of having struck with the staff, he died and did not enter the Holy Land, and that light was withheld from Israel.
ย
12:30 โOf the thirty, he was the most venerableโ (2 Samuel 23:19). These are the thirty superior ones (sheloshim [ืฉึฐืืึนืฉึดืืื]), from whom he took and brought down; and, through them, he drew near. โBut he did not come to the threeโ: they came to him and willingly gave to him; but he did not come to them.
ย
12:31 And though he was not included in their number and reckoning, it is written (2 Samuel 23:23): โAnd David put him under his care.โ He never departed from Davidโs heart; there is no separation between them forever. David put his heart in him, but he did not put his heart in David. For the praises, the songs, and the mercies that the moon (sihara [ืกึดืืึฒืจึธื]) offers to the sun (shimsha [ืฉึดืืึฐืฉึธืื]) draw him to her, so that he may dwell with her. This is the meaning of โDavid put him under his care.โ
ย
12:32 Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Abba threw themselves before him. At that very moment they could no longer see him. They stood up, looked all around, and did not see him. They sat down, wept, and could not speak to one another. After some time, Rabbi Abba said: โCertainly, this confirms what we have learned: in every path where the righteous (tsaddiqayya [ืฆึทืึดึผืืงึทืึธึผืื] walk, when there are words of Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) among them, the righteous of that world come to meet them. Certainly, this was Rav Hamnuna Sava (Rav Hamnuna Sava [ืจึทื ืึทืึฐื ืึผื ึธื ืกึธืึธื]), who came from that world to reveal these words to us; They got up and wanted to load the donkeys again, but they wouldn't move. They tried again, and they wouldn't move. They were afraid and left the donkeys. And, to this day, they call that place the Resting Place of the Donkeys.โ (dukh de-แธฅamarei [ืึผืึผืึฐ ืึฐึผืึฒืึธืจึตื]).
ย
12:33 Rabbi El'azar opened the exposition and said (Psalm 31:20): โHow abundant is Your goodness, which You have stored up for those who fear You.โ How great is the superior and precious good that the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), will bestow upon the children of men, upon those superior righteous ones, fearful of sin, who are occupied with Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), when they enter that world. It is not written merely โYour goodness,โ but โthe abundance of Your goodnessโ (rav tuvkha [ืจึทื ืืึผืึฐืึธ]). And who is she? โThe memory of the abundance of Your goodnessโ (Psalm 145:7). This is the delight of life (inuga de-แธฅayyin [ืขึดื ึผืึผืึธื ืึฐืึทืึดึผืื]) that flows from the world to come to the Living One of the worlds (แธฅai 'almin [ืึทื ืขึธืึฐืึดืื]), which is the memory of the abundance of Your goodness. This is certainly the meaning of โand the great goodness for the house of Israelโ (Isaiah 63:7).
ย
12:34 Moreover, in โHow abundant is Your goodness,โ a mystery of wisdom (raza de-แธฅokhmata [ืจึธืึธื ืึฐืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]) is here recorded, and all mysteries are included here. โHowโ (mah [ืึธื]), as has been said. โAbundantโ (rav [ืจึทื]) is the great and vigorous Tree (ilana [ืึดืืึธื ึธื]); for there is another tree smaller than it, and this one is great and makes it rise to the heights of the firmaments.
ย
12:35 โYour goodnessโ (tuvkha [ืืึผืึฐืึธ]) is the light ('ou [ืืึนืจ]) created on the first day. โWhich you reservedโ (asher tsafanta [ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึธืคึทื ึฐืชึธึผ]) because you hid it for the righteous in that world. โYou workedโ (pa'alta [ืคึธึผืขึทืึฐืชึธึผ]) is the upper Garden of Eden (gan 'eden 'ila'ah [ืึทึผื ืขึตืึถื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), as it is written (Exodus 15:17): โThe place for Your dwelling, Lord, You made.โ And this is the meaning of: "You have worked for those who take refuge in You."
ย
12:36 โBefore the children of menโ: this is the lower Garden of Eden (gan 'eden de-letata [ืึทึผื ืขึตืึถื ืึดึผืึฐืชึทืชึธึผื]), which is within the Academy of the Firmament (metivta di-rqi'a [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื ืึดืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]), within that upper Garden of Eden. There they flourish, bathe in the dews of the rivers of pure balsam (naharei afarsmona dakhya [ื ึทืึฒืจึตื ืึฒืคึทืจึฐืกึฐืืึนื ึธื ืึทืึฐืึธื]), descend and remain below.
ย
12:37 And sometimes they appear before the children of men to perform wonders like the superior angels (mal'akhin 'ila'in [ืึทืึฐืึฒืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]), according to the likeness of the radiance of the superior Lamp (butsina 'ila'ah [ืึผืึผืฆึดืื ึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) which we have now seen; and we have not been granted to contemplate and know even deeper mysteries of wisdom (แธฅokhmata [ืึธืึฐืึธืชึธื]).
ย
12:38 Rabbi Abba opened the exposition and said (Judges 13:22): โAnd Manoah said to his wife, โWe shall surely die, for we have seen God.โโ Although Manoah did not know what was happening there, he said: โSince it is written (Exodus 33:20): โNo one shall see me and live,โ surely we have seen, and therefore we shall die.โ We, however, have seen and attained that light (nehora [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื]) that has walked with us, and we remain in the world. For the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), sent it to us to make known to us the revealed mysteries of wisdom. Happy is our portion.
ย
12:39 They continued on; they came to a hill, and the sun was already setting. The branches of the trees on that hill began to beat against each other and to sing songs. As they were walking, they heard a loud voice saying: โHoly sons of God, you who are scattered among the living of this world, you luminaries (butsinei [ืึผืึนืฆึดืื ึตื]), sons of the Academy (metivta [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื]), gather yourselves in your places to delight yourselves with your Lord in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]).โ Fearing, they stopped and sat down. Meanwhile, another voice came forth, like the first, and said: โMighty rocks, lofty hammers, behold the Lord of colors (marei de-gavvanin [ืึธืืจึตื ืึฐืืึธืื ึดืื]), fabric of figures, who is upon the pedestal; ascend and gather yourselves.โ
ย
12:40 At that moment they heard the voice of the tree branches, strong and powerful, saying (Psalm 29:5): โThe voice of the Lord breaks the cedars.โ Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Abba fell on their faces, and great fear fell upon them. They rose quickly and left, hearing nothing more. They left the mountain and continued on their way.
ย
12:41 When they arrived at the house of Rabbi Yosi, son of Rabbi Shim'on ben Laqonya, they found Rabbi Shim'on ben Yoแธฅai there. There was joy. Rabbi Shim'on said to them, โYou have certainly passed through a path of superior signs and wonders, for just now, while I slept, I saw you and Benayahu, son of Yehoyada, sending him two crowns ('itrin [ืขึดืึฐืจึดืื]) by the hand of an elder, in order to crown him. Surely, the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh huh [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), was on that path.โ Rabbi Yosi said, โWell said: the wise man is superior to the prophet.โ Then Rabbi El'azar approached, placed his head between his father's knees, and recounted what had happened.
ย
12:42 Rabbi Shimon was afraid and wept; he said (Habakkuk 3:2): โLord, I have heard of Your fame and I am afraid.โ This verse was spoken by Habakkuk (แธคavaqquq [ืึฒืึทืงึผืึผืง]) when he witnessed his death and his restoration at the hands of Elisha (Elisha [ืึฑืึดืืฉึธืืข]). And why was he called Habakkuk (แธคavaqquq [ืึฒืึทืงึผืึผืง])? Because of what is written (2 Kings 4:16): โAbout this time next year you will embrace a son.โ This was the Shunammite woman's son. And there were two embraces (แธฅibbuqin [ืึดืึผืึผืงึดืื]): one from his mother, and another from Elisha (Elisha [ืึฑืึดืืฉึธืืข]), as it is written (2 Kings 4:34): โAnd he put his mouth on his mouth.โ
ย
12:43 We find in the Book of Solomon the King that the Name engraved with seventy-two names (shem gelifa de-shiv'in u-trein shemahan [ืฉึฐืืึธื ืึฐืึดืืคึธื ืึฐึผืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ืึผืชึฐืจึตืื ืฉึฐืืึธืึธื]) was inscribed upon him in words. This is because the letters of the alphabet (atvan de-alfa beta [ืึทืชึฐืึธืื ืึฐึผืึทืึฐืคึธื ืึตึผืืชึธื]) which his father had engraved upon him at the beginning, when he died, flew out of him. And now, when Elisha (Elisha [ืึฑืึดืืฉึธืืข]) embraced him, he engraved all those letters of the seventy-two names on him. And the letters of those seventy-two names make up two hundred and sixteen letters.
ย
12:44 And all these letters Elisha (Elisha [ืึฑืึดืืฉึธืืข]) engraved in his spirit, to restore him by the letters of the seventy-two names. And he called it Habakkuk (แธคavaqquq [ืึฒืึทืงึผืึผืง]), a name that completes all sides: it completes the embraces (แธฅibbuqin [ืึดืึผืึผืงึดืื]), as it was said; and it also completes the secret of the two hundred and sixteen letters of the holy Name. By the words, his spirit was restored; and by the letters, his whole body subsisted again. Therefore he was called Habakkuk (แธคavaqquq [ืึฒืึทืงึผืึผืง]).
ย
12:45 And he himself said (Habakkuk 3:2): โLord, I have heard of Your fame and I stand in aweโ; that is, I have heard what happened to me in that world and I am afraid. Then he began to plead for mercy for his soul and said: โLord, Your work which You have done for me in the midst of the years, make it liveโ (cf. Naso [ื ืฉื] 138b), that is, give it life. And whoever is connected to those primordial years (shanim qadmoniyyot [ืฉึธืื ึดืื ืงึทืึฐืืึนื ึดืึผืึนืช]), life is connected to him. โIn the midst of the years, make knownโ refers to that degree in which, by itself, there is no life at all.
ย
12:46 Rabbi Shim'on wept and said, โI too fear the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), because of what I have heard.โ He raised his hands above his head and said, โAnd what about Rav Hamnuna Sava (Rav Hamnuna Sava [ืจึทื ืึทืึฐื ืึผื ึธื ืกึธืึธื]), light of the Torah (nehiru de-orayta [ื ึฐืึดืืจืึผ ืึฐืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), whom you were worthy to see face to face, while I was not?โ He fell on his face and saw him uprooting mountains and lighting lamps in the palace of the Messiah King (malka meshicha [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืึฐืฉึดืืืึธื]). He said to him: โIn that world, you will be companions before the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), heads of academies.โ From that day on, he began to call Rabbi El'azar, his son, and Rabbi Abba, Peni'el (Peni'el [ืคึฐึผื ึดืืึตื]), as it is written (Genesis 32:31): โFor I have seen God face to face.โ
ย
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 13
(Vilna 7b)
(Vilna 7b)
ย
13:1 At the beginning, Rabbi แธคiyya [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึดืึธึผืื] opened the exposition; it is written (Psalm 111:10): โThe beginning of wisdom (แธฅokhmah [ืึธืึฐืึธื]) is the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ืึฐืึธ]); good understanding (sekhel tov [ืฉึตืืึถื ืืึนื]) for all who practice it; His praise endures forever.โ โThe beginning of Wisdom (แธฅokhmah [ืึธืึฐืึธื])โ: this verse should, rather, say: โThe end of Wisdom (แธฅokhmah [ืึธืึฐืึธื]) is the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ืึฐืึธ])โ, because the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ืึฐืึธ]) is, in effect, the end of Wisdom (แธฅokhmah [ืึธืึฐืึธื]). But it is the beginning of entering the higher degree of Wisdom (แธฅokhmata 'ila'ah [ืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]). This is what is written (Psalm 118:19): โOpen to me the Gates of righteousness (sha'arei tsedeq [ืฉึทืืขึฒืจึตื ืฆึถืึถืง]).โ This is certainly the Gate (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) of the Lord; if anyone does not enter through this Gate (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]), he will never enter. For the supreme King (malka 'ila'ah [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), who is exalted, hidden and recondite, these Gates were made (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]), one above the other.
ย
13:2 And at the end of all the Gates (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]), a Gate (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) was made with many Shutters (man'ulin [ืึทื ึฐืขืึผืึดืื]), many Openings (pitแธฅin [ืคึดึผืชึฐืึดืื]) and many Palaces (heikhalin [ืึตืืึธืึดืื]), these above those. He said, โWhoever wishes to enter to Me, let this Gate (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) be the first to reach Me; whoever enters through this Gate (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) shall enter.โ Likewise, the first Gateway (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) to higher Wisdom (แธฅokhmah 'ila'ah [ืึธืึฐืึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]) is the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ื']). And this is the beginning.
ย
13:3 The letter Bet (bet [ื]) designates two that unite as one; and these are two points (nequdin [ื ึฐืงืึผืึดืื]): one hidden and concealed, and one that subsists in manifestation. And, because there is no separation between them, they are called the principle (reishit [ืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]): one, not two. Whoever takes this, takes that; and all is one, for He and His Name are one, as it is written (Psalm 83:19): โAnd know that You, whose Name is the Lord, are the only one.โ
ย
13:4 And why is it called the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ื'])? Because he is the tree of good and evil (ilana de-tov ve-ra [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึฐืจึธืข]): if a man deserves it, behold, it is good; if he does not deserve it, behold, it is evil. Therefore, fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) resides in that place. And this is the Gateway (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) to enter into all the good of the world. โGood understandingโ (sekhel tov [ืฉึตืืึถื ืืึนื]) designates these two Gates (tar'in [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึดืื]), which are one. Rabbi Yosi [ืจึดืึดึผื ืืึนืกึตื] said: โGood understandingโ (sekhel tov [ืฉึตืืึถื ืืึนื]) is the Tree of Life (ilana de-แธฅayyei [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืึฐืึทืึตึผื]), which is good understanding (sekhel tov [ืฉึตืืึถื ืืึนื]) without any evil. And because evil does not reside in her, she is good understanding (sekhel tov [ืฉึตืืึถื ืืึนื]) without evil.
ย
13:5 โFor all who practice itโ: these are the faithful mercies of David (แธฅasdei David ha-neโemanim [ืึทืกึฐืึตื ืึธืึดื ืึทื ึถึผืึฑืึธื ึดืื]), who uphold the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). And those who uphold the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) are, so to speak, those who make it. All those who labor in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) do not, properly speaking, have an action (asiyyah [ืขึฒืฉึดืืึธึผื]) while they labor in it; but those who support them have an action (asiyyah [ืขึฒืฉึดืืึธึผื]). And, by the force of this, it is written: โHis praise endures foreverโ; and the Throne (kursayya [ืึผืึผืจึฐืกึฐืึธืื]) subsists upon its foundation as is fitting.
ย
CHAPTER 14
CHAPTER 14
(Vilna 7b)
(Vilna 7b)
ย
14:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] was sitting and applying the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) on the night that the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]) joined her Husband. For we have learned that all the companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]), members of the Bride's palace (heikhala de-kallah [ืึตืืึธืึธื ืึฐืึทืึธึผื]), must, on that night when the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]) prepares to enter under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]) the following day with her Husband, remain with Her throughout that night and rejoice with Her in Her adornments (tiqqunaha [ืชึดึผืงึผืึผื ึธืึธื]), with which She adorns Herself through the study of Torah (orayta). [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), passing from the Torah to the Prophets, from the Prophets to the Writings, to the expositions of the passages and to the mysteries of Wisdom (razei de-แธฅokhmata [ืจึธืึตื ืึฐืึธืึฐืึฐืชึธื]). For these are her adornments (tiqqunin [ืชึดึผืงึผืึผื ึดืื]) and her jewels (takhshitin [ืชึทึผืึฐืฉึดืืืึดืื]). And She, with her maidens ('ulmataha [ืขืึผืึฐืึธืชึธืึธื]), comes and stands upon their heads, adorns herself with them and rejoices with them throughout that night. And on the following day, She does not enter under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]) except with them. And these are called the children of the bridal canopy (benei แธฅuppata [ืึฐึผื ึตื ืืึผืคึธึผืชึธื]). And when She enters under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppata [ืืึผืคึธึผืชึธื]), the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), asks for them, blesses them, and crowns them with the crowns of the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]). Blessed is their portion.
ย
14:2 Rabbi Shimon [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] and all the companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]) sang the Torah songs (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) and repeated words from the Torah, each according to his part. Rabbi Shimon [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] rejoiced, as did all the other companions. Rabbi Shimon [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said to them: โMy children, blessed is your portion, for tomorrow the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]) will not enter under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]) except with you. For all who prepare their adornments (tiqqunaha [ืชึดึผืงึผืึผื ึธืึธื]) tonight and rejoice with Her will all be inscribed and written in the Book of Remembrance (sifra de-dikhranayya [ืกึดืคึฐืจึธื ืึฐืึดืึฐืจึธื ึทืึธื]); and the Holy One, Blessed be He.โ (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), will bless them with seventy blessings (shiv'in birkhan [ืฉึดืืึฐืขึดืื ืึดึผืจึฐืึธืื]) and crowns of the world higher.โ
ย
14:3 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened the exhibition and said: โThe heavens declare the glory of El (ha-shamayim mesaprim kevod El [ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืึฐืกึทืคึฐึผืจึดืื ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึตื])โ (Psalm 19:2) (Terumah [ืชืจืืื] 136b). This verse has already been established; However, at this moment when the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]) awakens to enter under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]) the following day, She adorns herself and shines in her ornaments, together with the companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]) who rejoiced with Her throughout that night, and She herself rejoices with them.
ย
14:4 And on the following day, how many multitudes, hosts, and camps gather with her; and she, along with all of them, awaits each one of those who prepared their adornments this night. When they unite as one and she sees her Bridegroom, what is written? โThe heavens declare the glory of El (ha-shamayim mesaprim kevod El [ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืึฐืกึทืคึฐึผืจึดืื ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึตื]).โ โThe heavensโ (ha-shamayim [ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื]) are the Bridegroom who enters under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]). โThey declareโ (mesaprim [ืึฐืกึทืคึฐึผืจึดืื]) means: they shine like the brilliance of sapphire (zohara de-sappir [ืืึนืึฒืจึธื ืึฐืกึทืคึดึผืืจ]), which shines and sparkles from the ends of the world to the ends of the world.
ย
14:5 โThe glory of Elโ (kevod El [ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึตื]) is the glory of the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]), who is called El ('El [ืึตื]), as it is written: โEl ('El [ืึตื]) is angry every dayโ (Psalm 7). On all the days of the year She is called El ('El [ืึตื]); but now, since She has entered under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]), She is called glory (kavod [ืึธึผืืึนื]) and is called El ('El [ืึตื]): glory upon glory, splendor upon splendor, dominion upon dominion.
ย
14:6 Then, at that moment when the heavens come under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]), they come and illuminate it, all those companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]) who prepared its adornments are named there one by one, as it is written (Psalm 19:2): โand the firmament proclaims the work of His hands (ma'aseh yadav [ืึทืขึฒืฉึตืื ืึธืึธืื]).โ โThe work of His handsโ (ma'aseh yadav [ืึทืขึฒืฉึตืื ืึธืึธืื]) are the keepers of the sign of the covenant (marei qayyama di-verit [ืึธืืจึตื ืงึทืึธึผืืึธื ืึดืึฐืจึดืืช]) who accompany the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]); and these guardians of the sign of the covenant (marei qayyama di-verit [ืึธืืจึตื ืงึทืึธึผืืึธื ืึดืึฐืจึดืืช]) are called the work of His hands (ma'aseh yadav [ืึทืขึฒืฉึตืื ืึธืึธืื]), as it is said (Psalm 90:17): โand confirm the work of our handsโ, that is, the enduring covenant (qayyama [ืงึทืึธึผืืึธื]) that is sealed in the flesh of man.
ย
14:7 Rav Hamnuna Sava (Rav Hamnuna Sava [ืจึทื ืึทืึฐื ืึผื ึธื ืกึธืึธื]) said this (Ecclesiastes 5:5): โDo not let your mouth cause your flesh to sin.โ A man must not give his mouth over to the arising of an evil thought, becoming a cause of sin for that holy flesh (besar qodesh [ืึฐึผืฉึทืืจ ืงึนืึถืฉื]) in which the holy covenant (berit qaddisha [ืึฐึผืจึดืืช ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื] was sealed). For if you do so, they will drag you to Gehenna (Gehinnom [ืึตึผืืึดื ึนึผื]). And the one in charge of Gehenna (Gehinnom [ืึตึผืืึดื ึนึผื]) is called Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]); and with him are many myriads of angels of destruction (mal'akhei แธฅabbalah [ืึทืึฐืึฒืึตื ืึทืึธึผืึธื]). And he remains at the gate of Gehenna (Gehinnom [ืึตึผืืึดื ึนึผื]); but over all those who kept the holy covenant (berit qaddisha [ืึฐึผืจึดืืช ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) in this world, he has no permission to approach.
ย
14:8 King David (David Malka [ืึธึผืึดื ืึทืึฐืึธึผื]), when that fearsome tenderness came upon him, was overcome with fear. At that time, Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]) went up to the presence of the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), and said: โLord of the world, in the Torah it is written (Leviticus 20:10): 'The man who commits adultery with another man's wife'; and it is also written: 'And with your neighbor's wife...' (Leviticus 18:20). The Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), answered him: โDavid (David [ืึธึผืึดื]) It is just, and the holy covenant (berit qaddisha [ืึฐึผืจึดืืช ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) has remained intact in its order, for it is manifest before Me that Bathsheba (Bat Sheva' [ืึทึผืช ืฉึถืืึทืข]) was destined for him from the day the world was created.โ
ย
14:9 Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]) said to Him: โIf this is manifest before You, it was not before him.โ And He answered: โMoreover, what happened was lawful. For none of those who went to war departed without first taking a certificate of divorce from his wife.โ Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]) said to Him: โIf so, then he should have waited three months, and he did not wait.โ He replied, โIn what case is such a rule established? In a case where we fear that she is pregnant. But it is manifest before Me that Uriah (Uriyyah [ืืึผืจึดืึธึผื]) never approached her, for My Name is sealed in him as a testimony. It is written Uriah (Uriyyah [ืืึผืจึดืึธึผื]) and it is written Uriyahu (Uriyyahu [ืืึผืจึดืึธึผืืึผ]); My Name is sealed with him as a testimony that he never knew her.โ
ย
14:10 Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]) said to Him: โLord of the world, this is precisely what I said: if it is manifest before You that Uriah (Uriyyah [ืืึผืจึดืึธึผื]) did not lie with her, who revealed it to him? He should have waited for her for three months. And, moreover, if it was known that he never lay with her, why did David (David [ืึธึผืึดื]) send him and command him to unite with his wife, as it is written (2 Samuel 11:8): 'Go down to her house and wash her feet'?โ
ย
14:11 He answered him, โIndeed, he did not know this; however, he waited more than three months, for four months passed. For thus we learn: On the twenty-fifth day of Nisan (Nisan [ื ึดืืกึธื]) David (David [ืึธึผืึดื]) sent a herald throughout all Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]); and on the seventh day of Sivan (Sivan [ืกึดืืึธื]), they were with Yoav (Yo'av [ืืึนืึธื]) and went to devastate the land of the Ammonites (benei 'Ammon [ืึฐึผื ึตื ืขึทืึผืึนื]). In Sivan (Sivan [ืกึดืืึธื]), Tammuz (Tammuz [ืชึทึผืึผืึผื]), Av (Av [ืึธื]), and Elul ('Elul [ืึฑืืึผื]) remained there. [ืึฑืืึผื]) what happened to Bathsheba (Bat Sheva' [ืึทึผืช ืฉึถืืึทืข]). And on the Day of Atonement (yoma de-kippurei [ืืึนืึธื ืึฐืึดืคึผืึผืจึตื]), the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), he forgave her that guilt. [ืึดืึธึผืืจ]); and, on the fifteenth of Elul ('Elul [ืึฑืืึผื]), what happened to Bathsheba (Bat Sheva' [ืึทึผืช ืฉึถืืึทืข]); ืึฐืึดืคึผืึผืจึธื]) happened, it was announced to him (2 Samuel 12:13): โThe Lord has also taken away your sin; you will not die.โ What does โyou will not dieโ mean? You will not die by the hand of Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]).
ย
14:12 Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]) said: โLord of the world, I still have an accusation against him: he himself opened his mouth and said (2 Samuel 12:5): 'As the Lord lives, the man who did this is a son of death'; thus, he judged himself, and I have a complaint against him.โ He answered him: โYou have no power, because he confessed before Me and said: โI have sinned against the Lord,โ although he was not guilty of death. However, in what he sinned against Uriah (Uriyyah [ืืึผืจึดืึธึผื]), I wrote the punishment upon him, and he accepted it.โ Immediately Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]) returned to his place, dejected in spirit.
ย
14:13 Therefore David (David [ืึธึผืึดื]) said (Psalm 94:17) (94a): โIf the Lord had not helped me, my soul would have dwelt smallly with Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]).โ โIf the Lord had not helped meโ: because He became my protector (apotropos [ืึทืคึผืึนืึฐืจืึนืคึธึผื]). โSlightlyโ (kim'at [ืึดึผืึฐืขึทื]) means: by a subtle thread, according to the measure that exists between me and the Other Side (sitra aแธฅra [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื]); By that minimal measure, my soul did not go to dwell with Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]).
ย
14:14 Therefore, a man must be careful not to utter a word like that of David (David [ืึธึผืึดื]); for he cannot say to Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]): โIt was a mistakeโ (ki shegagah hi [ืึดึผื ืฉึฐืืึธืึธื ืึดืื]), as happened with David (David [ืึธึผืึดื]), whom the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), caused to prevail in judgment. โWhy should God be angry at your voice?โ (Ecclesiastes 5) refers to that voice which he uttered. โAnd I would destroy the work of thy handsโ: that is the holy flesh (besar qodesh [ืึฐึผืฉึทืืจ ืงึนืึถืฉื]), the holy covenant (berit qaddisha [ืึฐึผืจึดืืช ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), which he defiled, being then dragged to Gehenna (Gehinnom [ืึตึผืืึดื ึนึผื]) by the hand of Dumah (Dumah [ืืึผืึธื]).
ย
14:15 And therefore, โand the firmament declares the work of His handsโ (u-ma'aseh yadav maggid ha-raqia' [ืึผืึทืขึฒืฉึตืื ืึธืึธืื ืึทืึดึผืื ืึธืจึธืงึดืืขึท]) (Psalm 19:2): these are the companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]) who have joined themselves to this Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]) and are the guardians of her enduring covenant (marei qayyama dilah [ืึธืืจึตื ืงึทืึธึผืืึธื โIt proclaimsโ (maggid [ืึทืึดึผืื]) and marks each one in particular. Who is the firmament (ha-raqia' [ืึธืจึธืงึดืืขึท])? It is that firmament (ha-raqia' [ืึธืจึธืงึดืืขึท]) in which are found the sun, the moon, the stars, and the signs; and this is the Book of Remembrance (sefer zikaron [ืกึตืคึถืจ ืึดืึธึผืจืึนื]). It proclaims them, marks them, and inscribes them, so that they may be children of the palace (benei heikhala [ืึฐึผื ึตื ืึตืืึธืึธื]) and so that their desires may be continually fulfilled.
ย
14:16 โDay by day he makes the word spring forthโ (yom le-yom yabbi'a 'omer [ืืึนื ืึฐืืึนื ืึทืึดึผืืขึท ืึนืึถืจ]) (Psalm 19:3): each holy day (yoma qaddisha [ืืึนืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), among those superior days of the King (malka [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื]), praise these companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]) and repeat that word that each one said to his companion. โDay by dayโ he makes this saying spring forth and praises it. โAnd night after nightโ (ve-laylah le-laylah [ืึฐืึทืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึทืึฐืึธื]): each degree completed in the night praises one another, according to the knowledge that each receives from their companion; and, in great fullness, they become companions and beloved.
ย
14:17 โThere is no speech and there are no wordsโ (ein 'omer ve-ein devarim [ืึตืื ืึนืึถืจ ืึฐืึตืื ืึฐึผืึธืจึดืื]) (Psalm 19:4), that is, the other words of the world, which are not heard before the holy King (malka qaddisha [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) and which He does not wish to hear. But these words: โTheir thread went out through all the earth (be-khol ha-aretz yatsa qavam [ืึฐึผืึธื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึธืฆึธื ืงึทืึธึผื])โ (Psalm 19:5). These words draw a thread between the upper and lower dwellings; firmaments were made from them (reqi'in [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึดืื]), and from them, and from that praise, the earth was made (eretz [ืึถืจึถืฅ]). And if you say that these words subsist in a single place, โeven to the ends of the earth are their words (u-viq'tseh tivel mileihem [ืึผืึดืงึฐืฆึตื ืชึตืึตื ืึดืึตึผืืึถื]).โ
ย
14:18 And since firmaments (reqi'in [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึดืื]) were made from them, who dwells in them? He said again: โIn them he has set up a tent for the sun (la-shemesh sam ohel bahem [ืึทืฉึถึผืืึถืฉื ืฉึธืื ืึนืึถื ืึธึผืึถื]).โ This holy sun (shimsha qaddisha [ืฉึดืืึฐืฉึธืื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) has set up its dwelling place and its tabernacle in them, and with them it has crowned itself.
ย
14:19 And when he dwells in those firmaments (reqi'in [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึดืื]) and is crowned with them, then โhe is like a bridegroom coming out of his bridal canopy (ke-แธฅatan yotse me-แธฅuppato [ืึฐึผืึธืชึธื ืืึนืฆึตื ืึตืึปืคึธึผืชืึน])โ (Psalm 19:6). He rejoices and runs through those firmaments (reqi'in [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึดืื]); he comes out of them, enters and runs into another tower (migdala [ืึดืึฐืึฐึผืึธื]) elsewhere. โFrom the ends of the heavens comes its going forth (mi-q'tseh ha-shamayim motsa'o [ืึดืงึฐืฆึตื ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืืึนืฆึธืืึน])โ (Psalm 19:7): surely it comes forth and arrives from the upper world (alma 'ila'ah [ืขึธืึฐืึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), which is the upper end of the heavens. โAnd its circuit (tequfato [ืชึฐึผืงืึผืคึธืชืึน])โ: what is its circuit? It is the lower extremity of the heavens, which is the circuit of the year (tequfat ha-shanah [ืชึฐึผืงืึผืคึทืช ืึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื]), revolving around all extremities. And it is connected from the heavens to this firmament (raqia' [ืจึฐืงึดืืขึธื]).
ย
14:20 โAnd nothing is hidden from its heatโ (ve-ein nistar me-แธฅammato [ืึฐืึตืื ื ึดืกึฐืชึธึผืจ ืึตืึทืึธึผืชืึน]) (Psalm 19:7): nothing is hidden from that circuit and from the circuit of the sun (tequfah de-shimsha [ืชึฐึผืงืึผืคึธื ืึฐืฉึดืืึฐืฉึธืื]) which revolves on all sides. โAnd nothing is hiddenโ means: there is no one among all the higher degrees who can hide from it, for all revolve and come to it, and each one of them, without exception, has no one who can hide from it. โFrom his heatโ (me-แธฅammato [ืึตืึทืึธึผืชืึน]) means: at the moment when he is inflamed and returns to them in complete repentance (tiyuvta shelim [ืชึฐึผืืึผืึฐืชึธึผื ืฉึฐืืึดืื]). All this praise and all this exaltation proceed from the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), as it is written (Psalm 19:8): โThe Torah of the Lord is perfect.โ
ย
14:21 The Name of the Lord is written here six times (YHWH [ื']), and six verses go from โThe heavens declareโ to โThe Torah of the Lord is perfect.โ And, according to this mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]), it is written โIn the beginning (bereshit [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช])โ: here are six letters (โatvan [ืึทืชึฐืึธื]). โGod created the heavens and the earth (bara 'elohim et ha-shamayim ve-et ha-aretz [ืึธึผืจึธื ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึถืช ืึทืฉึธึผืืึทืึดื ืึฐืึถืช ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ])โ: here are six words (tevin [ืชึตึผืืึดืื]). The other verses correspond to the six occurrences of the Name of the Lord (YHWH [ื']); six verses correspond to the six letters that are here; six names (shmahan [ืฉึฐืืึธืึธื]) correspond to the six words that are here.
ย
14:22 While they were seated, Rabbi El'azar (Ribbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ]), his son, and Rabbi Abba (Ribbi Abba [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึทืึธึผื]) entered. He said to them, โSurely the countenance of the Shekhinah (anpei shekhinta [ืึทื ึฐืคึตึผื ืฉึฐืืึดืื ึฐืชึธึผื]) is present; therefore I call you Peni'el (Peni'el [ืคึฐึผื ึดืืึตื]), for you have seen the face of the Shekhinah (shekhinta [ืฉึฐืืึดืื ึฐืชึธึผื]) face to face. And now that you know and it has been revealed to you the verse of Benayahu, son of Yehoyada (Benayahu ben Yehoyada [ืึฐึผื ึธืึธืืึผ ืึถึผื ืึฐืืึนืึธืึธืข]), surely it is a word concerning the Holy Ancient One (Atiqa Qaddisha [ืขึทืชึดึผืืงึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), and also the verse that follows it; and they spoke of Him who is hidden above all things.โ
ย
14:23 And this verse is found elsewhere explained in the same way. He opened the exposition and said (1 Chronicles 11): โAnd he struck down the Egyptian man, a man of measure, five cubits.โ All this is one mystery (raza [ืจึธืึธื]). This Egyptian (Mitsri [ืึดืฆึฐืจึดื]) is the one who is known, of whom it is written (Exodus 11:3): โVery great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of the servants...โ; great and precious, as that elder revealed.
ย
14:24 And this verse was spoken in the heavenly Academy (metivta 'ila'ah [ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]). โMan of measureโ (ish middah [ืึดืืฉื ืึดืึธึผื]) is all one; โman of appearanceโ (ish mar'eh [ืึดืืฉื ืึทืจึฐืึถื]) and โman of measureโ (ish middah [ืึดืืฉื ืึดืึธึผื]) are all one, because he is Shabbat (shabbat [ืฉึทืืึธึผืช]) and limit (teแธฅuma [ืชึฐึผืืึผืึธื]). As it is written (Numbers 35:5): โAnd you shall measure from outside the cityโ; and it is also written (Leviticus 19:35): โYou shall not commit injustice in judgment, in the measure.โ Therefore, he is called a man of measure (ish middah [ืึดืืฉื ืึดืึธึผื]). And he truly is a man of measure (ish middah [ืึดืืฉื ืึดืึธึผื]): his length goes from one end of the world to the other end of the world. So was Adam, the First (Adam ha-Rishon [ืึธืึธื ืึธืจึดืืฉืืึนื]). And, if you say: but it is written โfive cubits,โ those five cubits went from one end of the world to the other.
ย
14:25 โAnd in the Egyptianโs hand was a spearโ (1 Chronicles 11:23); as it is said: โlike the weaverโs heddle (ki-menor orgim [ืึดึผืึฐื ืึนืจ ืึนืจึฐืึดืื])โ. This is the staff of God (matteh ha-'elohim [ืึทืึตึผื ืึธืึฑืึนืึดืื]) that was in his hand, engraved with the Name engraved and made explicit (shema gelifa mefarash [ืฉึฐืืึธื ืึฐืึดืืคึธื ืึฐืคึธืจึทืฉื]), in the splendor of the combinations of letters (tserufei 'atvan [ืฆึตืจืึผืคึตื ืึทืชึฐืึธื]), which Betsal'el (Betsal'el [ืึฐึผืฆึทืึฐืึตื]) and his Academy engraved; And for this reason he is called a weaver ('oreg [ืืึนืจึตื]), as it is written (Exodus 35:35): โHe filled them...โ craftsman, inventor of works, embroiderer... and weaver. And that staff made the Name shine forth engraved on all sides, by the luminosity of the wise men who engraved the explicit Name (shema mefarash [ืฉึฐืืึธื ืึฐืคึธืจึทืฉื]) in forty-two forms ('arba'in u-trein gavnei [ืึทืจึฐืึฐึผืขึดืื ืึผืชึฐืจึตืื ืึทึผืึฐืื ึตื]). And the verse, from here on, is as he said; blessed is his portion.
ย
14:26 Remain seated, precious ones (yaqqirin [ืึทืงึดึผืืจึดืื]), remain seated, and let us renew the adornment of the Bride (tiqqun de-kallah [ืชึดึผืงึผืึผื ืึฐืึทืึธึผื]) tonight. For whoever associates with Her tonight will be guarded above and below throughout that year, and will pass through the year in peace (be-shalam [ืึดึผืฉึฐืืึธื]). Concerning them it is written: โThe angel of the Lord encamps around those who fear him, and delivers them; taste and see that the Lord is good.โ
ย
CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 15
(Vilna 9a)
(Vilna 9a)
ย
15:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened the exposition and said: โIn the beginning God ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) created.โ This verse requires contemplation, for whoever says that there is another god (elah aแธฅara [ืึฑืึธืึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื]) will be cut off from the worlds. As it is said (Jeremiah 10:11): โThus you shall say to them: โThe gods (โelahayya [ืึฑืึธืึทืึธึผื]) who did not make the heavens and the earth shall perish from the earth and from under these heavens.โโ For there is no other God ('elah [ืึฑืึธืึธื]) but the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), He alone.
ย
15:2 (Vilna 9b) And this verse is in Aramaic translation (targum [ืชึทึผืจึฐืึผืึผื]), except for the final word of the verse. If you say that this is because the holy angels (mal'akhin qaddishin [ืึทืึฐืึธืึดืื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึดืืื]) do not pay attention to the Aramaic translation (targum [ืชึทึผืจึฐืึผืึผื]) nor do they know it, then it would be fitting to say such a word in the holy language (lishshna qaddisha [ืึดืืฉึฐืื ึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), so that the holy angels might hear it and be led to give approval to it. But surely, for this reason it is written in Aramaic translation (targum [ืชึทึผืจึฐืึผืึผื]): so that the holy angels may not look upon her nor envy man to the point of doing him harm. For, in this verse, they are included, since they are also called gods ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) and fall within the scope of gods ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]); and yet they did not make the heavens nor the Arqa ('Arqa [ืึทืจึฐืงึธื]).
ย
15:3 And what about Arqa ('Arqa [ืึทืจึฐืงึธื])? It should say land ('ar'a [ืึทืจึฐืขึธื]). But Arqa ('Arqa [ืึทืจึฐืงึธื]) is one of those seven lower lands. And in that place are the descendants of Cain (Qayin [ืงึทืึดื]). After he was banished from the face of the earth, he went down there, fathered offspring, and there he was confused, knowing nothing. And it is a double land (ar'a kefila [ืึทืจึฐืขึธื ืึฐึผืคึตืืึธื]), doubled of darkness (แธฅashokha [ืึฒืฉืืึนืึธื]) and light (nehora [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื]).
ย
15:4 And there are two rulers (memannan [ืึฐืึทื ึธึผื]) who exercise dominion: one rules in darkness (แธฅashokha [ืึฒืฉืืึนืึธื]) and the other in light (nehora [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื]); and there is mutual accusation between them. When Cain (Qayin [ืงึทืึดื]) descended there, they joined together and made peace as one. And all recognized that they were descendants of Cain (Qayin [ืงึทืึดื]). Therefore they have two heads, like two serpents; but when that light (nehora [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื]) prevails, its power triumphs and overcomes the other. And so, those who belonged to darkness were included in the light, and became one.
ย
15:5 These two rulers (memannan [ืึฐืึทื ึธึผื]) are Afrira (Afrira [ืขึทืคึฐืจึดืืจึธื]) and Qastimon (Qastimon [ืงึทืกึฐืึดืืืึนื]). And their form (diyoqna [ืึดึผืึผืึนืงึฐื ึธื]) is like the form (diyoqna [ืึดึผืึผืึนืงึฐื ึธื]) of the holy angels, with six wings. One has the form of an ox (tora [ืชืึนืจึธื]), and the other the form of an eagle (nishra [ื ึดืฉึฐืืจึธื]); and when they unite, the form of a man (adam [ืึธืึธื]) is formed in them.
ย
15:6 When they are in darkness (แธฅashokha [ืึฒืฉืืึนืึธื]), they transform into the form of a two-headed serpent (naแธฅash [ื ึธืึธืฉื]), move like a serpent, fly through the abyss (tehoma [ืชึฐึผืืึนืึธื]) and bathe in the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]). When they reach the chains of Azza ('Azza [ืขึทืึธึผื]) and Azael ('Aza'el [ืขึฒืึธืึตื]), they stir them up and awaken them; then they leap into the mountains of darkness, thinking that the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), wishes to call them to judgment (dina [ืึดึผืื ึธื]).
ย
15:7 And these two rulers (memannan [ืึฐืึทื ึธึผื]) swim in the Great Sea (yamma rabba [ืึทืึธึผื ืจึทืึธึผื]) and from there take flight; and, at night, they go to Na'amah (Na'amah [ื ึทืขึฒืึธื]), the mother of demons ('imhon de-shedin [ืึดืึฐืืึนื ืึฐึผืฉึตืืึดืื]), behind whom the first mighty ones went astray. They attempt to approach her; but she leaps sixty thousand parasangas, and makes herself in many figures before the sons of men, so that men may go astray after her.
ย
15:8 And these two rulers (memannan [ืึฐืึทื ึธึผื]) take flight and travel throughout the entire world, then return to their place. And they awaken those descendants of Cain (Qayin [ืงึทืึดื]) with a spirit of evil inclinations (yitsrin bishin [ืึดืฆึฐืจึดืื ืึดึผืืฉึดืืื]), to generate descendants.
ย
15:9 The heavens that rule there are not like these. And the earth does not produce, by their strength, seed or harvest like this; nor are such productions renewed until after many years and times. And those gods ('elahayya [ืึฑืึธืึทืึธึผื]) who did not make the heavens and the Arqa ('Arqa [ืึทืจึฐืงึธื]) will perish from the upper land of Tevel (Tevel [ืชึตึผืึตื]), so that they do not rule over it, nor wander about on it, nor cause the children of men to become unclean by nocturnal emission (miqreh leilya [ืึดืงึฐืจึตื ืึตืืึฐืึธื]). And therefore they will perish from the earth and from under those heavens which were made by the Name of These things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื]), as it was said.
ย
15:10 Therefore, this verse is in Aramaic translation (targum [ืชึทึผืจึฐืึผืึผื]), so that the higher angels do not judge that it speaks of them and do not raise an accusation against us. And therefore, the mystery of These things (elleh [ืึตืึถึผื]), as has already been explained, is a holy word (millah qaddisha [ืึดืึธึผื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) that does not change in the Aramaic translation (targum [ืชึทึผืจึฐืึผืึผื]).
ย
CHAPTER 16
CHAPTER 16
(Vilna 9b)
(Vilna 9b)
ย
16:1 (Vilna 10a) Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said to him: โThis verse that is written (Jeremiah 10:7): 'Who will not fear you, King of the nations (melekh ha-goyim [ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึทืึผืึนืึดื]), for it is fitting for you?' What praise is this?โ He replied, โEl'azar, my son, this verse has already been said in many places; however, it is certainly not so. For it is written (Jeremiah 10:7): 'for among all the wise men of the nations and in all their kingdoms there is none like You.' This gives occasion to the mouths of the guilty, who think that the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), does not know their thoughts and thoughts; therefore, it is necessary to make manifest their folly. Hosts and camps do not approach Him nor know His place.โ
ย
16:2 โAnd furthermore, you say, โAnd there has not arisen a prophet in Israel like Mosesโ (Deuteronomy 34:10). He has not arisen in Israel, but he has arisen among the nations of the world. So also I will say: among all the wise men of the nations there is none like Him, but among the wise men of Israel there is. If this is so, a god ('elaha [ืึฑืึธืึธื]) who has his equal among the wise men of Israel is not the supreme Ruler ('ila'ah shallita [ืขึดืึธึผืึธื ืฉึทืืึดึผืืึธื]). Consider the verse and you will see that I have spoken accurately.โ
ย
16:3 I said to him, โYou have spoken well. Who gives life to the dead but the Holy One, blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), He alone? Elijah (Eliyyahu [ืึตืึดืึธึผืืึผ]) and Elisha (Elisha' [ืึฑืึดืืฉึธืืข]) came and restored life to the dead. Who sends down rain (geshamim [ืึฐึผืฉึธืืึดืื]) but the Holy One, blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื He alone came, and the heavens and the earth were established by his prayer. He alone made the heavens and the earth.
ย
16:4 โWho rules the sun (shimsha [ืฉึดืืึฐืฉึธืื]), if not the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื])? Yehoshua [ืึฐืืึนืฉึปืืขึท] came, silenced it, and commanded it to stand still in its place, and it remained silent, as it is written (Joshua 10:13): 'And the sun stood still, and the moon stopped.' The Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), decrees judgment.โ (gezar din [ืึฐึผืึทืจ ืึดึผืื]); [ืึนืฉึถืื]) decreed sentence (gezar din [ืึฐึผืึทืจ ืึดึผืื]), and it was fulfilled. And, furthermore, the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), decrees decrees, and the righteous of Israel (tsaddiqayya de-Yisra'el [ืฆึทืึดึผืืงึทืึธึผื ืึฐืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) nullify them, as it is written (2 Samuel 23:3): 'The righteous (tsaddiq [ืฆึทืึดึผืืง]) rule in the fear of God (yir'at 'elohim [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ืึฑืึนืึดืื]).' And, moreover, He commanded them to truly walk in His ways, to resemble Him in all things. [ืืึนืกึตื ืงึฐืึดืื ึธืึธื]). And he learned much Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) and came to be counted among the wise and righteous of that place.โ
ย
16:5 Now it is necessary to contemplate the verse. Behold, it is written (Isaiah 40:17): 'All nations are as nothing before Him'. What addition is there here? Rather: 'Who will not fear You, King of the nations (melekh ha-goyim [ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึทืึผืึนืึดื])? Is He King of the nations and not King of Israel (melekh Yisra'el [ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื])? Before, everywhere, the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), wants to be praised in Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) and is called upon only in relation to Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]), as it is written: 'God of Israel' (Elohei Yisra'el [ืึฑืึนืึตื ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]), 'God of the Hebrews' (Elohei ha-'ivrim [ืึฑืึนืึตื ืึธืขึดืึฐืจึดืื]) (Exodus 5:3); and it is also written (Isaiah 44:6): 'Thus says the Lord, the King of Israel': King of Israel, indeed. The nations of the world said: 'We have another patron (patron aแธฅaran [ืคึทึผืึฐืจืึนื ืึธืึณืจึธื]) in heaven, for your King rules only over you, and not over us.'
ย
16:6 Then comes the verse and says: 'Who will not fear You, King of the nations (melekh ha-goyim [ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึทืึผืึนืึดื])?' [That is]: superior King (malka 'ila'ah [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), to subdue them, strike them, and execute His will upon them. 'For it is fitting for You': it is fitting that You be feared above and below. 'For among all the wise men of the nations': these are the great rulers established over them. 'And in all their kingdoms': in that superior kingdom; for there are four ruling kingdoms on high, and they govern, by His will, all the other peoples. And despite all this, there is no one among them who does even the slightest thing except according to what He commands them, as it is written (Daniel 4:32): 'And He does according to His will with the army of heaven and the inhabitants of the earth.' The wise men of the nations are those governors and magnates on high, from whom their wisdom proceeds. 'And in all their kingdoms': the kingdom that rules, as has been said. And this is the verse according to its literal meaning.
ย
16:7 But as for the words 'among all the wise men of the nations and in all their kingdoms,' I have found this explanation in the books of the ancients: Although these camps and hosts, even though charged with the things of the world, have received orders, and each has been commanded to perform his function, who among them could do as You do? For You are renowned in sublimity and renowned in Your works above them all. This is the meaning of 'there is none like Thee, O Lord': who is the Hidden Holy One (seventh qaddisha [ืกึฐืชึดืืึธืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) who can act and become like Thee, above and below, and be like Thee in all the work of the holy King (malka qaddisha [ืึทืึฐืึธึผื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), [in the work of] heavens and earth? But of them it is said: 'they are tohu, and their precious things are of no use'; of the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), it is written: 'In the beginning God created...'; but of their kingdoms it is written: 'and the land was tohu va-vohu (tohu va-vohu [ืชึนืืึผ ืึธืึนืืึผ]).'
ย
16:8 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] said to the companions (แธฅavrayya [ืึทืึฐืจึทืึธึผืื]): โChildren of this marriage (benei hillula da [ืึฐึผื ึตื] ืึดืึผืึผืึธื ืึธื]), let each of you adorn the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]) with an adornment (qishshuta [ืงึดืฉึผืืึผืึธื]).โ And he said to Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ], his son: โEl'azar, offer a gift to the Bride (kallah [ืึทึผืึธึผื]), for tomorrow the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), will behold her when she enters under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]), amidst those songs and praises that the members of the palace (benei heikhala [ืึฐึผื ึตื ืึตืืึธืึธื]) have given her, to appear before Him.โ
ย
CHAPTER 17
CHAPTER 17
(Villna 10a)
(Villna 10a)
ย
17:1 Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] opened the exposition and said (Song of Songs 3:6): โWho is this (mi zot [ืึดื ืึนืืช]) coming up from the desert (midbar [ืึดืึฐืึธึผืจ])?...โ โWho is thisโ (mi zot [ืึดื ืึนืืช]) is the synthesis of two holinesses (qiddushin [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึดืืื]), of two worlds in one union and one bond. โGo upโ (olah [ืขืึนืึธื]), truly, to become Holy of Holies (qodesh qodashim [ืงึนืึถืฉื ืงึธืึธืฉึดืืื]); for the Holy of Holies (qodesh qodashim [ืงึนืึถืฉื ืงึธืึธืฉึดืืื]) is the One (mi [ืึด"ื]), and He is united with This One (zot [ืึนืืช]), in order that She (zot [ืึนืืช]) may be elevated (olah [ืขืึนืึธื]), for she is Holy of Holies (qodesh qodashim [ืงึนืึถืฉื ืงึธืึธืฉึดืืื]). [ืึดืึฐืึธึผืจ]) she inherited to become Bride (kallah [ืึทืึธึผื]) and enter under the bridal canopy (แธฅuppah [ืืึผืคึธึผื]).
ย
17:2 (Vilna 10b) Moreover, from the desert (midbar [ืึดืึฐืึธึผืจ]) she ascends, as it is said (Song of Songs 4:3): โand your speech is beautiful.โ In that desert (midbar [ืึดืึฐืึธึผืจ]) of the murmur of lips she ascends. And we learn: what does it mean that it is written (1 Samuel 4:8): โThose mighty gods; ืืื ืื ืืืืืื who struck Egypt with every kind of plague in the desertโ? Did all that the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), did to them occur in the desert? Now, it occurred in an inhabited place. Rather, โin the desertโ (ba-midbar [ืึทึผืึดึผืึฐืึธึผืจ]) means: in speech (be-dibbura [ืึฐึผืึดืึผืึผืจึธื]), as it is said (Song of Solomon 4:3): โand your speech is beautiful,โ and it is also written (Psalm 75:7): โfrom the desert of mountains.โ Thus also โascends from the desertโ means: from the desert, certainly. Through that word from her mouth she ascends, enters between the wings of the Mother (gadfei de-imma [ืึทึผืึฐืคึตื ืึฐืึดืึธึผื]), and then, through speech (dibbura [ืึดึผืึผืึผืจึธื]), descends and rests upon the heads of the holy people.
ย
17:3 How does it ascend by means of speech (dibbura [ืึดึผืึผืึผืจึธื])? For, firstly, when a man rises in the morning, he must bless his Lord by opening his eyes. How should you bless him? Thus did the pious of old (แธฅasidei qadma'ei [ืึฒืกึดืืึตื ืงึทืึฐืึธืึตื]): they placed a vessel of water before them (natla de-mayya [ื ึทืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึทืึธึผืื]); And when they awoke during the night, they washed their hands, got up, applied themselves to the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) and blessed upon its reading (etc.). The rooster crows, and then it is precisely midnight (palgut leilya [ืคึทึผืึฐืืึผืช ืึตืืึฐืึธื]); And then the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), is with the righteous (tsaddiqayya [ืฆึทืึดึผืืงึทืึธึผืื]) in the Garden of Eden (ginta de-'eden [ืึดึผื ึฐืชึธึผื ืึฐืขึตืึถื]). And it is forbidden to bless with unclean and stained hands; and so it is at all times.
ย
17:4 For when a man sleeps, his spirit departs from him. And when his spirit departs from him, an unclean spirit (ruแธฅa mesa'ava [ืจืึผืึธื ืึฐืกึธืึฒืึธื]) appears and rests on his hands, making them unclean; therefore it is forbidden to bless with them without ablution (netila [ื ึฐืึดืืึธื]). And if you say, "If so, during the day, when he is not asleep and his spirit does not depart from him, and the unclean spirit (ruแธฅa mesa'ava [ืจืึผืึธื ืึฐืกึธืึฒืึธื]) does not rest upon him," even then, when he enters the latrine (beit ha-kisse [ืึตึผืืช ืึทืึดึผืกึตึผื]), he must not bless or read from the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) even a single word, until he washes his hands. And if you say that it is because they are unclean, that is not so. In what, then, did they become unclean?
ย
17:5 Woe to the children of the world, who do not understand and do not know the glory of their Lord, nor do they know on what the world subsists. There is a certain spirit in every latrine (beit ha-kisse [ืึตึผืืช ืึทืึดึผืกึตึผื]) of the world, which dwells there, delights in that filth and uncleanness, and immediately comes to rest on those fingers (etsbe'an [ืึถืฆึฐืึฐึผืขึธื]) of man's hands.
ย
CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 18
(Vilna 10b)
(Vilna 10b)
ย
18:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened the exposition and said: Whoever rejoices in those solemnities (mo'adayya [ืืึนืขึฒืึทืึธึผืื]) and does not give his portion to the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), that evil-eyed man (ra' 'ayin [ืจึทืข ืขึทืึดื]), Satan (satan [ืฉึธืืึธื]) hates him, accuses him, and removes him from the world; and anguish upon anguish (aqu 'al aqu [ืขึธืงืึผ ืขึทื ืขึธืงืึผ]) brings upon him.
ย
18:2 The portion of the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), consists in making the poor happy (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]) according to what he is able to do. For in these days the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), comes to see His broken vessels (manin tevirin [ืึธืื ึดืื ืชึฐึผืึดืืจึดืื]); He approaches them, sees that they have nothing to rejoice about, and weeps for them. He ascends to a high place and intends to devastate the world.
ย
18:3 The sons of the Academy (benei metivta [ืึฐึผื ึตื ืึฐืชึดืืึฐืชึธึผื]) came before Him and said: โLord of the World, Merciful and Clement (raแธฅum ve-แธฅannun [ืจึทืืึผื ืึฐืึทื ึผืึผื]) You are called; may Your mercies be poured out upon Your children.โ He said to them: โDo the children of the world not know that I made the world only upon Goodness (แธฅesed [ืึถืกึถื]), as it is written (Psalm 89:3): โI said, โThe world shall be built upon goodnessโ; and upon this the world stands?โโ The higher angels (mal'akhei 'ila'ei [ืึทืึฐืึฒืึตื ืขึดืึธึผืึตื]) said before Him: โLord of the World, behold a certain man who eats, is satisfied, and can show kindness (tivu [ืึดืืืึผ]) to the poor, but gives them nothing.โ Then that Accuser (meqatrega [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) comes, asks permission, and pursues this man.
ย
18:4 Who is greater in the world than Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]), who showed kindness (tivu [ืึดืืืึผ]) to all creatures (beriyyin [ืึดึผืจึฐืึธืื])? On the day you held a feast (mishteya [ืึดืฉึฐืืชึฐึผืึธืื]), which is written (Genesis 21:8)? โThe child grew and was weaned; and Abraham held a great feast on the day Isaac (Yitsแธฅaq [ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง]) was weaned.โ Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]) held a banquet and invited all the great men of his generation to that meal. And we learn: at every joyful banquet (se'udata de-แธฅedva [ืกึฐืขืึผืึธืชึธื ืึฐืึถืึฐืึธื]), the Accuser (meqatrega [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) goes and sees if that man has shown kindness to the poor, and if there are poor people in the house. If so, the Accuser (meqatrega [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) departs from that house and does not enter there; but if not, he enters there. And when he sees the tumultuous mixture of joy (irbuvya de-แธฅedva [ืขึดืจึฐืึผืึผืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึถืึฐืึธื]) without the poor and without the kindness previously shown to the poor, he rises to the heights and accuses him.
ย
18:5 (Vilna 11a) When Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]) invited the nobles of his generation, the Accuser (meqatrega [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) came down and stood at the gate disguised as a poor man (miskena [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึธื]); and no one paid attention to him. Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]) served those kings and nobles. Sarah (Sarah [ืฉึธืืจึธื]) nursed all their children, because they did not believe when she gave birth; instead, they said, โIt is an abandoned child, and was brought from the marketplace.โ Therefore they came with their children, and Sarah (ืฉึธืืจึธื) took them and nursed them before them. This is what is written (Genesis 21:7): โโโWho would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children?โ Children, certainly. And that Accuser (ืึฐืงึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื) remained at the door. Sarah (ืฉึธืืจึธื) said: โGod has made me laugh.โ Immediately that Accuser (meqatrega [ืึฐืงึทืึฐืจึฐืึธื]) went up to the presence of the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), and said to Him: โLord of the World, You said: Abraham is My beloved; and behold, Abraham made a feast and gave nothing to You, nor to the poor, and did not offer before You even a dove.
ย
18:6 The Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), said to him: โWho is there in the world like Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื])?โ But he did not move from there until he had disturbed all that joy (แธฅedva [ืึถืึฐืึธื]); And the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), ordained that Isaac (Yitsแธฅaq [ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง]) be offered as a sacrifice (qorbana [ืงึธืจึฐืึฐึผื ึธื]), and it was decreed upon Sarah (Sarah [ืฉึธืืจึธื]) that she should die because of the affliction of her son. All that pain was caused by this: nothing was given to the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]).
ย
CHAPTER 19
CHAPTER 19
(Vilna 11a)
(Vilna 11a)
ย
19:1 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened the exposition and said: What does it mean that it is written (Isaiah 38:2): โAnd Hezekiah (แธคizqiyyahu [ืึดืึฐืงึดืึธึผืืึผ]) turned his face to the wall and you prayed to the Lordโ? Come and see how powerful is the strength of the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) and how exalted it is above all. For whoever engages in Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) does not fear superiors or inferiors, nor does he fear the evil afflictions of this world, because he is attached to the Tree of Life (ilana de-แธฅayyei [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืึฐืึทืึตึผื]) and learns from it every day.
ย
19:2 For the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) teaches man to walk in the way of truth (oraแธฅ qeshot [ืึนืจึทื ืงึฐืฉืืึนื]). It teaches him counsel on how to present himself before his Lord to revoke that decree. For although it was decreed concerning him that such a decree should not be revoked, it is immediately revoked and removed from him, and does not rest upon man in this world. Therefore, man must devote himself to the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) day and night and not depart from it. This is what is written (Joshua 1:8): โAnd you shall meditate on it day and night.โ And if you turn away from the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) or separate yourself from it, it is as if you were separating yourself from the Tree of Life (ilana de-แธฅayyei [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืึฐืึทืึตึผื]).
ย
19:3 Come and see: this is the advice for man. When he goes up to his bed at night, he should receive the higher Kingdom (malkhuta dil'eila [ืึทืึฐืืึผืชึธื ืึดึผืึฐืขึตืืึธื]) with an upright heart, and go forth to deliver before Him the deposit of his soul (piqdona de-nafshei [ืคึดึผืงึฐืืึนื ึธื ืึฐึผื ึทืคึฐืฉึตืืืึผ]) (Bereshit [ืืจืืฉืืช] 19b). And immediately he is freed from all evil diseases and all evil spirits, and they have no dominion over him.
ย
19:4 And in the morning, when he rises from his bed, he must bless his Lord, enter His house, and prostrate himself before His temple with great fear; then he will make his prayer and take counsel from those holy Patriarchs (avahan qaddishin [ืึฒืึธืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึดืืื]), as it is written (Psalm 5:8): โBut I, by the abundance of Your goodness, will enter Your house; I will prostrate myself toward Your holy temple, in Your fear.โ
ย
19:5 Thus they ordained it: a man must not enter the synagogue (bei kenishta [ืึตึผื ืึฐึผื ึดืืฉึฐืืชึธึผื]) except after first consulting with Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]), Isaac (Yitsแธฅaq [ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง]) and Jacob (Ya'aqov [ืึทืขึฒืงึนื]), because they were the ones who instituted prayer before the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]). This is what is written: โBut I, through the abundance of Your goodness, will enter Your house,โ this is Abraham (Avraham [ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื]); โI will bow down toward Your holy temple,โ this is Isaac (Yitsแธฅaq [ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง]); โin Your fear,โ this is Jacob (Yaโaqov [ืึทืขึฒืงึนื]). And it is necessary to include them in the beginning; only then will he enter the synagogue (bei kenishta [ืึตึผื ืึฐึผื ึดืืฉึฐืืชึธึผื]) and offer his prayer. Then it is written (Isaiah 49:3): โAnd He said to me, โYou are My servant, Israel, in whom I will glory.โโ
ย
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 20
(Vilna 11a)
(Vilna 11a)
ย
20:1 Rabbi Pinแธฅas [ืจึดืึดึผื ืคึดึผืื ึฐืึธืก] used to be in the presence of Rabbi Reแธฅumai [ืจึดืึดึผื ืจึฐืืึผืึธืึดื], along the shore of the Sea of โโGinosar. This was a great man and advanced in years, and his eyes had ceased to see. He said to Rabbi Pinแธฅas [ืจึดืึดึผื ืคึดึผืื ึฐืึธืก]: โI have certainly heard that Yoแธฅai [ืืึนืึธืึดื], our companion, has a pearl, a precious stone (margalit even tava [ืึทืจึฐืึธึผืึดืืช ืึถืึถื ืึธืึธื]); and I have beheld the light of that pearl, which shines forth like the brightness of the sun from within its husk and illuminates the whole world.โ
ย
20:2 And that light remains from heaven to earth and illuminates the whole world, until the Ancient of Days (Atiq Yomin [ืขึทืชึดึผืืง ืืึนืึดืื]) sits and takes His seat on the throne, as is fitting. And all that light is included in your house. And from the light that is included in your house comes a faint and small radiance, which pours out and illuminates the whole world. Blessed is your portion. Go forth, my son, go forth; go after that pearl that illuminates the world, for the hour has come to you.โ
ย
20:3 He went out from his presence and prepared to embark in that boat, having two men with him. He saw two birds coming and flying over the sea. He raised his voice to them and said, โBirds, birds, you who fly over the sea, have you seen the place where Bar Yoแธฅai [ืึทึผืจ ืืึนืึธืึดื] is?โ He waited a little while and said, โBirds, birds, go and bring me word.โ They flew away and departed; they entered the sea and continued on their way.
ย
20:4 (Vilna 11b) Before he left, behold, those birds came; and in the beak of one of them was a letter (pitqa [ืคึดึผืชึฐืงึธื]), and in it was written that Bar Yoแธฅai [ืึทึผืจ ืืึนืึธืึดื] had come out of the cave, he and Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ], his son. He went to him and found him distraught, his body covered in sores. He wept with him and said, โWoe is me, that I saw you like this.โ He replied, โBlessed is my lot, for you saw me like this; for if you had not seen me like this, I would not be like this.โ Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] opened the exposition on the Precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) and said: โThe precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) may the Holy One, Blessed Be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), gave to Israel, they are all written in Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) in general form.โ
ย
CHAPTER 21
CHAPTER 21
(Vilna 11b)
(Vilna 11b)
ย
21:1 โIn the beginningโ (bereshit [ืึฐึผืจึดืืฉึดืืืช]), โcreated Elohimโ (bara โelohim [ืึธึผืจึธื ืึฑืึนืึดืื]). This is the first precept (piqquda qadma'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืงึทืึฐืึธืึธื]) of all. And this precept is called the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ื']), which is called the beginning (reishit [ืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]), as it is written (Psalm 111:10): โThe beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord,โ and also (Proverbs 1:7): โโโThe fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge.โ For this word is called the beginning (reishit [ืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]). And this is the door (tar'a [ืชึทึผืจึฐืขึธื]) to enter into faith (meheimenuta [ืึฐืึตืืึฐื ืึผืชึธื]); and upon this precept the whole world subsists.
ย
21:2 Fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) is divided into three aspects. Two of them are unfounded, and one is the essence of fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]). There is a man who fears the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), so that his children may live and not die, or because he fears punishment on his body or on his possessions; and therefore he fears Him continually. However, it is observed that this fear, by which he fears the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), does not equate to the principle. There is another man who fears the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), because he fears the punishment of the world to come and the punishment of Gehenna (Gehinnom [ืึตืืึดื ึนึผื]). These two are neither the essence of fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) nor its root.
ย
21:3 The fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) that is the essence consists in man fearing his Lord, because He is great and sovereign, the root and foundation of all worlds, and everything before Him is considered as nothing, as it was said (Daniel 4:32): โand all the inhabitants of the earth are considered as nothing.โ And it is fitting to fix His will in that place called fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]).
ย
21:4 Rabbi Shimon [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] wept and said: โWoe to me if I tell; woe to me if I do not tell. If I tell, the wicked will know how to serve their Lord; and if I do not tell, my companions will lose this word.โ In the place where holy fear (yir'ah qaddisha [ืึดืจึฐืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) dwells, below there is an evil fear (yir'ah ra'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื ืจึธืขึธื]), which scourges, smites and accuses, and it is a whip (retzu'ah [ืจึฐืฆืึผืขึธื]) to flog the guilty.
ย
21:5 And whoever fears because of the punishment of whippings (malqiyyuta [ืึทืึฐืงึฐืืึผืชึธื]) and accusation (qitruga [ืงึดืึฐืจืึผืึธื]), as has been said, does not have that fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ื']) which is called the fear of the Lord unto life. Rather, what rests upon him is that evil fear (yir'ah ra'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื ืจึธืขึธื]). Thus it appears that this whip (retzu'ah [ืจึฐืฆืึผืขึธื]), evil fear (yir'ah ra'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื ืจึธืขึธื]), and not the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ื']) rests upon him.
ย
21:6 Therefore, the place called the fear of the Lord (yir'at YHWH [ืึดืจึฐืึทืช ื']) is called the beginning of knowledge (reishit da'at [ืจึตืืฉึดืืืช ืึทึผืขึทืช]). And therefore, this precept is included here. And this is the beginning and foundation of all other precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). Whoever keeps this fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) keeps everything; whoever does not keep this fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) does not keep the precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), because this is the gateway to everything.
ย
21:7 And therefore it is written: โIn the beginningโ (bereshit [ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]), which is fear (yirโah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]), โcreated Elohim (โelohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) the heavens and the earth.โ For whoever transgresses this transgresses the precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). And the punishment of him who transgresses this is that this evil fear (yir'ah ra'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื ืจึธืขึธื]), this whip (retzu'ah [ืจึฐืฆืึผืขึธื]), strikes him. And this is the sense of: โand the earth was Tohu and Bohu (tohu va-vohu [ืชึนืืึผ ืึธืึนืืึผ]), and darkness (แธฅoshekh [ืึนืฉึถืืึฐ]) on the face of the deep (tehom [ืชึฐืืึนื]), and the spirit (ruaแธฅ [ืจืึผืึท]) of Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]).โ Here are four punishments to inflict on the guilty.
ย
21:8 Tohu (tohu [ืชึนึผืืึผ]) is strangulation (แธฅeneq [ืึถื ึถืง]), as it is written (Isaiah 35): โline of Tohuโ (qav tohu [ืงึทื ืชึนึผืืึผ]) and (Zechariah 2:5): โmeasuring lineโ (แธฅevel middah [ืึถืึถื ืึดืึธึผื]). Bohu (bohu [ืึนึผืืึผ]) is stoning (seqilah [ืกึฐืงึดืืึธื]): stones thrown and sunk into the Great Abyss (tehoma rabba [ืชึฐึผืืึนืึธื ืจึทืึธึผื]) to punish the guilty. And darkness (แธฅoshekh [ืึนืฉึถืืึฐ]) is burning (serefah [ืฉึฐืืจึตืืคึธื]), as it is written (Deuteronomy 5:20): โwhen you heard the voice from the midst of darknessโ, and also (Deuteronomy 4:11): โand the mountain burned with fire to the heart of the heavens, darkness...โ. And this is the vehement fire that rests upon the heads of the guilty to consume them.
ย
21:9 And the spirit (ruaแธฅ [ืจืึผืึท]) is death by the sword (hereg be-sayyif [ืึถืจึถื ืึฐึผืกึทืึธึผืืฃ]). A tempestuous wind (ruaแธฅ se'arah [ืจืึผืึท ืกึฐืขึธืจึธื]) is a sharp sword, burning within it, as it is said (Genesis 3:24): โand the flame of the sword that revolvesโ (lahat haแธฅerev ha-mithappekhet [ืึทืึทื ืึทืึถืจึถื ืึทืึดึผืชึฐืึทืคึถึผืึถืช]), and this is called spirit (ruaแธฅ [ืจืึผืึท]). This is the punishment for those who transgress the precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]). And, after fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]), the principle (reishit [ืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]), which is the synthesis of everything, from here on come the other precepts of the Torah (piqqudei orayta [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึตื ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]).
ย
CHAPTER 22
CHAPTER 22
(Vilna 11b)
(Vilna 11b)
ย
22:1 The second precept (piqquda tinyana [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืชึดึผื ึฐืึธืื ึธื]) is this precept. For the precept of fear (piqquda de-yir'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืึฐืึดืจึฐืึธื]) is united in it and never departs from it. And it is love (ahavah [ืึทืึฒืึธื]): that man should love his Lord with complete love (reแธฅimu shelim [ืจึฐืึดืืืึผ ืฉึฐืืึดืื]). And what is complete love (reแธฅimu shelim [ืจึฐืึดืืืึผ ืฉึฐืืึดืื])? This is the great love (ahavah rabbah [ืึทืึฒืึธื ืจึทืึธึผื]), as it is written (Genesis 17:1): โWalk before Me and be blameless,โ that is, blameless in love. And this is the meaning of: โAnd Elohim said, โLet there be lightโโ; This is the love of perfection (reแธฅimu shelimuta [ืจึฐืึดืืืึผ ืฉึฐืืึตืืืึผืชึธื]), called (Peqqudei [ืคืงืืื] 254b) great love (ahavah rabbah [ืึทืึฒืึธื ืจึทืึธึผื]). And here is the precept that man should love his Lord as is fitting.
ย
22:2 (Vilna 12a) Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said: โFather, I have heard what concerns love in its integrity.โ He said to him: โSay, my son, before Rabbi Pinแธฅas [ืจึดืึดึผื ืคึดึผืื ึฐืึธืก], for he is firm in this degree.โ Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said: โGreat love (ahavah rabbah [ืึทืึฒืึธื ืจึทืึธึผื]) is precisely perfect love (ahavah sheleimta [ืึทืึฒืึธื ืฉึฐืืึตืืึฐืชึธึผื]) perfectly two-sided;
ย
22:3 And so we learn that love (ahavah [ืึทืึฒืึธื]), the love of the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), is explained from two sides. There are those who love Him because He possesses wealth, length of days, children around Him, dominion over enemies, and His ways prosper; and, because of this, they love Him. But if all this were reversed for such a man, and the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), brought down upon him the wheel of severe judgment (dina qashya [ืึดึผืื ึธื ืงึทืฉึฐืืึธื]), he would hate Him and not love Him at all. Therefore, such love is not love that has any foundation.
ย
22:4 The love (reแธฅimu [ืจึฐืึดืืืึผ]) that is called complete is that which subsists on two sides, both in judgment (din [ืึดึผืื]) and in good (tivu [ืึดืืืึผ]). And the rectification of your ways consists in loving your Lord, as we have taught, even if He takes your soul. This is the complete love (reแธฅimu shelim [ืจึฐืึดืืืึผ ืฉึฐืืึดืื]) that subsists on two sides (17b). And therefore the light of the Work of Creation (ma'aseh vereshit [ืึทืขึฒืฉึตืื ืึฐืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]) went forth, and then it was hidden. When it was hidden, the severe judgment came forth (dina qashya [ืึดึผืื ึธื ืงึทืฉึฐืืึธื]), and the two sides were included as one, so that there might be this perfection: love as it should be.
ย
22:5 Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื] picked him up and kissed him. Rabbi Pinแธฅas [ืจึดืึดึผื ืคึดึผืื ึฐืึธืก] came, kissed him, blessed him, and said: โTruly, the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), sent me here.โ Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said: โCertainly, fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) must not be forgotten in any precept; How much more so in this precept, where fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) is necessary to adhere to this love. How is this adherence achieved? Love (ahavah [ืึทืึฒืึธื]) is on one side in good, as has been said, when He grants wealth, good, longevity, children, and sustenance; then it is necessary to awaken fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) and to fear, so that sin may not be the cause of loss. 'Blessed is the man who continually fears,' because fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) is included in love (ahavah [ืึทืึฒืึธื]).
ย
22:6 And so it is also necessary, on the other side of severe judgment (dina qashya [ืึดึผืื ึธื ืงึทืฉึฐืืึธื]), to awaken fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) in it. When you see that severe judgment (dina qashya [ืึดึผืื ึธื ืงึทืฉึฐืืึธื]) rests upon you, then you awaken fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) and you fear your Lord as is fitting, and you do not harden your heart. And for this reason it is written (Proverbs 28:14): โBut he who hardens his heart will fall into evil,โ on that other side which is called evil. Thus it is verified that fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]) unites on two sides and is included by them. And this is perfect love (ahavah sheleimta [ืึทืึฒืึธื ืฉึฐืืึตืืึธืชึธื]) as it should be.
ย
CHAPTER 23
CHAPTER 23
(Vilnius 12a)
(Vilnius 12a)
ย
23:1 The third precept (piqquda telita'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืชึฐึผืึดืืชึธืึธื]) is to know that there is one great and sovereign God in the world, and to unite Him daily with the unification (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]) as is fitting, in those six upper sides (shith sitrin 'ila'in [ืฉึดืืืช ืกึดืึฐืจึดืื ืขึดืึธืึดืื]), and to make them a single unification (yiแธฅuda แธฅada [ืึดืืึผืึธื ืึฒืึธื]) in the six words (shith tevin) [ืฉึดืืืช ืชึตึผืึดืื]) of โHear, O Israelโ (shema yisra'el [ืฉึฐืืึทืข ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]), directing the will upward with them. And therefore, it is necessary to prolong the word One (eแธฅad [ืึถืึธื]) (alt. var.: as six) in the six words.
ย
23:2 And this is the meaning of what is written: โThat the waters under the heavens may gather together into one place.โ That the degrees that are under the heavens may gather together to unite in it, so that the six faces may be in perfection as they should be. And, with all this, in this unification (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]) it is necessary to bind the fear (yir'ah [ืึดืจึฐืึธื]), for it is necessary to prolong it in the dalet of One (dalet de-eแธฅad [ืึธืึถ"ืช ืึฐึผืึถืึธื]), because the dalet of One (dalet de-eแธฅad [ืึธืึถ"ืช ืึฐึผืึถืึธื]) is great. And this is the meaning of what is written: โand let the dry portion appearโ; that the dalet (dalet [ืึธืึถ"ืช]), which is the dry portion (yabbashah [ืึทืึธึผืฉึธืื], may appear and connect in that unification (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]).
ย
23:3 And after it has been bound up there, it is necessary to bind it down with its multitude, on the other six lower sides, in โBlessed be the name of the glory of His kingdom forever and everโ (barukh shem kevod malkhuto le-'olam va-'ed [ืึธึผืจืึผืึฐ ืฉึตืื ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึทืึฐืืึผืชืึน ืึฐืขืึนืึธื ืึธืขึถื]), for in that formula there are six other words of unification (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]). Then that which was dry land (yabbashah [ืึทืึธึผืฉึธืื]) became earth (erets [ืึถืจึถืฅ]), to produce fruit and shoots and to plant trees.
ย
23:4 And this is the meaning of what is written: โAnd Elohim called the dry land Earth.โ In this lower unification (yiแธฅuda tata'ah [ืึดืืึผืึธื ืชึทึผืชึธึผืึธื]), the earth becomes full will (ar'a ra'ava shelim [ืึทืจึฐืขึธื ืจึทืขึฒืึธื ืฉึฐืืึดืื]), as is fitting. And so, โthat was good,โ โthat was good,โ twice: once for the superior unification (yiแธฅuda 'ila'ah [ืึดืืึผืึธื ืขึดืึธืึธื]) and again for the inferior unification (yiแธฅuda tata'ah [ืึดืืึผืึธื ืชึทึผืชึธึผืึธื]). Once it was united on both sides, from then on: โlet the earth produce grass.โ It was prepared to produce fruits and shoots as it should.
ย
CHAPTER 24
CHAPTER 24
(Vilnius 12a)
(Vilnius 12a)
ย
24:1 The fourth precept (piqquda revi'a'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืจึฐืึดืืขึธืึธื]) is to know that YHWH is Elohim (YHWH hu ha-'Elohim [ื' ืืึผื ืึธืึฑืึนืึดืื]), as it is said (Deuteronomy 4:39): โAnd you shall know this day and return to your heart that YHWH is Elohim.โ And it is necessary to include the name Elohim ('elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) in the name of YHWH, to know that they are one and that in them there is no separation.
ย
24:2 (Vilna 12b) And this is the mystery of what is written: โLet there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light upon the earth.โ So that the two names may be one, without any separation; so that lights (me'orot [ืึฐืึนืจึนืช]), written defectively, may be included in the name of the heavens, for they are one and in them there is no separation. The black light (nehora ukhma [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื ืืึผืึฐืึธื]) in the white light (nehora แธฅivvara [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื ืึดืืึฐืืจึธื]) does not allow for separation, and all is one. And this is the white cloud ('anana แธฅivvara [ืขึฒื ึธื ึธื ืึดืืึฐืืจึธื]) of the day and the fiery cloud ('anana de-eshta [ืขึฒื ึธื ึธื ืึฐืึถืฉึฐืืชึธึผื]) of the night, as the companions said: the measure of the day and the measure of the night. And it is fitting that this be adjusted with that to illuminate the earth, as it was said.
ย
24:3 And this is the fault of that first serpent, who united below and separated above; and therefore caused to the world what it caused. For it was necessary to separate below and unite above. And the black light (nehora ukhma [ื ึฐืืึนืจึธื ืืึผืึฐืึธื]) needed to unite above in a single conjunction, to then unite below with its multitude, in its unification (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]), and separate it from the evil side.
ย
24:4 And despite all this, it is necessary to know that Elohim-YHWH ('elohim YHWH [ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึธ]) is entirely one, without separation. YHWH is Elohim (YHWH hu ha-'Elohim [ื' ืืึผื ืึธืึฑืึนืึดืื]). And when man knows that everything is one and establishes no separation, even that other side (sitra aแธฅara [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื]) withdraws from the world and is not drawn down.
ย
24:5 And this is the mystery of what is written: โand let them be for lights.โ Behold, the husk (qelippah [ืงึฐืึดืืคึธึผื]) rises after the core (moแธฅa [ืืึนืึธื]). The core (moแธฅa [ืืึนืึธื]) is light (or [ืืึนืจ]); the other side (sitra aแธฅara [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื]) is death (mavet [ืึธืึถืช]). Light (or [ืืึนืจ]) consists in the union of the letters; death (mavet [ืึธืึถืช]) consists in the separation. And when this light (or [ืืึนืจ]) withdraws from there, the letters of death (mavet [ืึธืึถืช]) are joined together by separation.
ย
24:6 From these letters แธคavah [ืึทืึธื] it began, and caused evil to the world, as it is written (Genesis 3:6): โAnd the woman saw that...โ She reversed the letters in reverse order, and mem-vav (mem-vav [ื"ื]) remained; these went and took with them the letter tav (tav [ืช]), and thus caused death (mavet [ืึธืึถืช]) to the world, as it is written: โand sawโ (va-tere [ืึทืชึตึผืจึถื]).
ย
24:7 Rabbi El'azar [ืจึดืึดึผื ืึถืึฐืขึธืึธืจ] said: โFather, behold, we learn: the mem (mem [ื"ื]) remained alone; and the vav (vav [ืึธื"ื]), which is continuous life (แธฅayyin tadir [ืึทืึดึผืื ืชึธึผืึดืืจ]), turned and went (Pinแธฅas [ืคื ืืก] 236a), and took the tav (tav [ืช]) upon itself, as it is written: 'and took' (va-tiqqaแธฅ [ืึทืชึดึผืงึทึผื]) and 'and gave' (va-titten [ืึทืชึดึผืชึตึผื]); and this word was completed, and the letters were joined together.โ He said to him: โBlessed are you, my son, for we have already established this matter.โ
ย
CHAPTER 25
CHAPTER 25
(Vilna 12b)
(Vilna 12b)
ย
25:1 In the fifth precept (piqquda แธฅamisha'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืึฒืึดืืฉึธืืึธื]) it is written (Bereshit [ืืจืืฉืืช] 46b): โLeap over the waters with a swarming of the living soulโ (yishretzu ha-mayim sheretz nefesh แธฅayyah [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึฐืฆืึผ ืึทืึทึผืึดื ืฉึถืืจึถืฅ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธื]). This verse contains three precepts: one, to labor in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]); another, to engage in procreation and multiplication (periyyah u-reviyyah [ืคึฐืจึดืึธึผื ืึผืจึฐืึดืึธึผื]); and another, to be circumcised on the eighth day and remove the foreskin ('orlah [ืขึธืจึฐืึธืชึธื]). It is necessary to labor in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), to engage in it and multiply it each day, in order to rectify one's soul and spirit.
ย
25:2 For since man attends to the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]) (Noaแธฅ [ื ื] 62a), he is adorned (320a) with another holy soul (neshamah qaddisha [ื ึดืฉึฐืืึธืชึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), as it is written: โa swarm of a living soulโ (sheretz nefesh แธฅayyah [ืฉึถืืจึถืฅ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]), that is, the soul (nefesh [ื ึถืคึถืฉื]) of that holy living creature. For when a man does not engage in Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), he does not possess a holy soul; the holiness from on high does not rest upon him. But when he engages in Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), by that very labor with which he labors in it, he merits that living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]) and becomes like the holy angels.
ย
25:3 As it is written (Psalm 103:20): โBless the Lord, you His angels.โ These are those who are occupied with the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), who are called His angels on earth. And this is the meaning of what is written: โand the bird flies above the earth.โ That is, in this world. Regarding the other world, we learn that the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), is destined to make them wings (gadfin [ืึทึผืึฐืคึดืื]) like those of eagles, to fly throughout the world, as it is written (Isaiah 40:31): โBut those who hope in the Lord will renew their strength; they will soar on wings like eagles.โ
ย
25:4 And this is the meaning of what is written: โand the bird flies over the earth.โ This is the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]), which is called waters (mayim [ืึทืึดื]); from it swarm and emanate the movements of the living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]). From the place of that living creature, they draw it down, as has been said. And therefore David (Vayeshev [ืืืฉื] 112b) (Psalm 51:12) said: โCreate in me, O Elohim, a pure heart,โ to labor in the Torah (orayta [ืืึนืจึทืึฐืืชึธื]); And then: "and renew a right spirit within me."
ย
CHAPTER 26
CHAPTER 26
(Vilna 12b)
(Vilna 12b)
ย
26:1 The sixth precept (piqquda shetita'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืฉึฐืืชึดืืชึธืึธื]) is to deal with procreation and multiplication (periyyah u-reviyyah [ืคึฐืจึดืึธึผื ืึผืจึฐืึดืึธึผื]). For whoever deals with procreation and multiplication (periyyah u-reviyyah [ืคึฐืจึดืึธึผื ืึผืจึฐืึดืึธึผื]) causes that river (nahar [ื ึธืึธืจ]) to become a perennial spring (nevia tadir [ื ึฐืึดืืขึท ืชึธึผืึดืืจ]), so that its waters never cease. And the sea (yamma [ืึทืึธึผื]) fills on all sides (152a), and new souls (nishmatin แธฅadtin [ื ึดืฉึฐืืึธืชึดืื ืึทืึฐืชึดึผืื]) are renewed and emerge from that tree (ilana [ืึดืืึธื ึธื]). And many hosts (แธฅeilin saggi'in [ืึตืืึดืื ืกึทืึดึผืืึดืื]) multiply on high along with those souls. This is what it is written (Genesis 1:20): โLeap over the waters with a swarming of the living soulโ (yishretzu ha-mayim sheretz nefesh แธฅayyah [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึฐืฆืึผ ืึทืึทึผืึดื ืฉึถืืจึถืฅ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]). This is the enduring holy covenant (berit qayyama qaddisha [ืึฐึผืจึดืืช ืงึทืึธึผืืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), the river that flows and goes forth (nahar de-nagid ve-nafiq [ื ึฐืึธืจ ืึฐึผื ึธืึดืื ืึฐื ึธืคึดืืง]); and its waters multiply and boil with a boiling and multiplying of souls for that living creature (แธฅayyah [ืึทืึธึผื]).
ย
26:2 (Vilna 13a) And with those souls (nishmatin [ื ึดืฉึฐืืึฐืชึดืื]) that enter into that living creature (แธฅayyah [ืึทืึธึผื]) come forth as many birds (ofei [ืขืึนืคึตื]) that fly and travel throughout the world. And when the soul (nishmeta [ื ึดืฉึฐืืึฐืชึธื]) goes forth into this world, that bird (ofa [ืขืึนืคึธื]) that flew and came forth with that soul, coming forth from that tree (ilana [ืึดืืึธื ึธื]), comes forth with it. How many come forth with each soul and soul? (161b; 21a; 41b) Two, one on the right and one on the left. If he is meritorious, they guard him, as it is written (Psalm 91:11): โFor He will command His angels concerning youโ; and if not, they accuse him. Rabbi Pinแธฅas [ืจึดืึดึผื ืคึดึผืื ึฐืึธืก] (Vilna 13a) said: โThree are those who remain as guardians (apotropsin [ืึทืคึผืึนืึฐืจืึนืคึฐึผืกึดืื]) over man when he is meritorious. For it is written (Job 33:23): 'If there is an angel over him, an intercessor, one among a thousand, to declare to man his righteousness.' 'If there is an angel over him': here is one.โ
ย
26:3 Said Rabbi Shim'on [ืจึดืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื]: โFive, for there is something else written: 'and have mercy on him' (va-yeแธฅunnenu [ืึทืึฐืึปื ึถึผื ึผืึผ]) and 'and say' (va-yomer [ืึทืึนึผืืึถืจ]). 'And have mercy on him' (va-yeแธฅunnenu [ืึทืึฐืึปื ึถึผื ึผืึผ]) is one; 'and say' (va-yomer [ืึทืึนึผืืึถืจ]) are two.โ He said to him, โIt is not so. Rather, โand have mercy on himโ (va-yeแธฅunnenu [ืึทืึฐืึปื ึถึผื ึผืึผ]) is the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), He alone, for no other is license granted but to Him.โ He said to him, โWell said.โ
ย
26:4 And he who abstains from procreation and multiplication (periyyah u-reviyyah [ืคึฐืจึดืึธึผื ืึผืจึฐืึดืึธึผื]) diminishes, so to speak, the form (diyyuqna [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื]) which includes all forms (diyyuqnin [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึดืื]). And he causes the waters of that river (nahar [ื ึธืึธืจ]) not to flow, and wounds the holy covenant (qayyama qaddisha [ืงึฐืึธืืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) on all sides. And concerning him it is written (Isaiah 66:24): โAnd they shall go forth, and look upon the carcasses of the men that rebelled against me.โ โAgainst Me,โ in truth, this refers to the body. And his soul does not enter in any way into the Veil (pargoda [ืคึทืจึฐืึผืึนืึธื]) (alt. var.: โof the Kingโ), and is banished from that world.
ย
CHAPTER 27
CHAPTER 27
(Vilna 13a)
(Vilna 13a)
ย
27:1 The seventh precept (piqquda shevi'a'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืฉึฐืืึดืืขึธืึธื]) is to circumcise on the eighth day and remove the impurity of the foreskin (zuhama de-orlta [ืืึผืึฒืึธื ืึฐึผืขึธืจึฐืึฐืชึธื]), because that living creature (แธฅayyah [ืึทืึธึผื]) is the eighth degree (darga temina'ah [ืึทืจึฐืึธื ืชึฐึผืึดืื ึธืึธื]) in relation to all degrees; and that soul (nefesh [ื ึถืคึถืฉื]) that flies from her must present itself before her on the eighth day, just as she is (Bereshit [ืืจืืฉืืช] 33a) the eighth degree.
ย
27:2 Then it becomes manifest, in fact, that this is a living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉ ืึทืึธึผื]), the soul of that holy living creature (แธฅayyah qaddisha [ืึทืึธึผื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) and not from the Other Side (sitra aแธฅra [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื]). And this is: โLet the waters leapโ (yishretzu ha-mayim [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึฐืฆืึผ ืึทืึทึผืึดื]). In the Book of Enoch (sifra da-แธคanokh [ืกึดืคึฐืจึธื ืึทึผืึฒื ืึนืึฐ]) the waters of the holy seed are marked with the sign (reshimu [ืจึฐืฉึดืืืืึผ]) of a living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]). E este รฉ o sinal (reshimu [Reshimu]) da letra Yod (yod [Youd]), que รฉ gravado na carne santa (bisra qaddisha [Bishra Kaddisha]), acmia de todos os deimais sinais do mundo.
ย
27:3 โAnd let the bird fly over the earthโ (ve-of ye'ofef 'al ha-arets [ืึฐืขืึนืฃ ืึฐืขืึนืคึตืฃ ืขึทื ืึธืึฐืึถืจึถืฅ]). This is Elijah (Eliyyahu [ืึตืึดืึธึผืืึผ]), who travels throughout the world in four flights (arba taasin [ืึทืจึฐืึทึผืข ืึธืืกึดืื]) to be present there, in that court of the holy covenant (geziru di-qayyama qaddisha [ืึฐืึดืืจืึผ ืึดืงึฐืึธืืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]). And it is necessary to prepare a chair (kursayya [ืึผืึผืจึฐืกึทืึธึผืื]) for him and say with the mouth: โThis is the chair of Elijah (kursayya de-Eliyyahu [ืึผืึผืจึฐืกึฐืึธืื ืึฐึผืึตืึดืึธึผืืึผ])โ (Lekh Lekha [ืื ืื] 93a). And, if not, he does not remain there.
ย
27:4 โAnd God created the great sea monstersโ (va-yivra 'Elohim et ha-tanninim ha-gedolim [ืึทืึดึผืึฐืจึธื ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึถืช ืึทืชึทึผื ึดึผืื ึดืื ึดืื ืึทืึฐึผืืึนืึดืื]). These two are the foreskin ('orlah [ืขึธืจึฐืึธื]) and the stripping (peri'ah [ืคึฐึผืจึดืืขึธื]). First, the cutting of the foreskin (geziru de-orlah [ืึฐึผืึดืืจืึผ ืึฐืขึธืจึฐืึธื]); then, the stripping (peri'ah [ืคึฐึผืจึดืืขึธื]). And they correspond to male and female. โAnd every living soul that creepsโ (et kol nefesh ha-แธฅayyah ha-romeset [ืึถืช ืึธึผื ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึทืึธึผื ืึธืจืึนืึถืฉึถืืช]): this is the sign (reshimu [ืจึฐืฉึดืืืืึผ]) of the letter of the holy and everlasting covenant ('at qayyama qaddisha [ืึธ"ืช ืงึทืึธึผืืึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), which is the holy living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah qaddisha [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]), as we have already said. โThat the waters caused to swarmโ (asher shartsu ha-mayim [ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึธืืจึฐืฆืึผ ืึทืึทึผืึดื]): it is the upper waters (mayin 'ila'in [ืึทืึดืื ืขึดืึธึผืึดืื]) that are attracted to this sign.
ย
27:5 And therefore Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) was marked with the holy sign (reshimu qaddisha [ืจึฐืฉึดืืืืึผ ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) and purified below, similar to those holy signs (reshimin qaddishin [ืจึฐืฉึดืืืึดืื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึดืืื]), so that one could distinguish between the holy side (sitra qaddisha [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืงึทืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) and the Other Side of impurity (sitra aแธฅra di-mesa'ava [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื ืึดืึฐืกึธืึฒืึธื]). Likewise, Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) was marked so that a distinction might be made between holiness (alt. var.: the side of holiness) and the peoples who worship the stars and signs (ovdei kokhavim u-mazzalot [ืขืึนืึฐืึตื ืึผืึนืึธืึดืื ืึผืึทืึธึผืืึนืช]), who proceed from the Other Side of impurity, as has been said. And just as He marked them, so too did He mark their animals and birds, distinguishing the animals and birds of Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) from the animals and birds of the peoples who worship the stars and signs (ovdei kokhavim u-mazzalot [ืขืึนืึฐืึตื ืึผืึนืึธืึดืื ืึผืึทืึธึผืืึนืช]). Blessed is the portion of Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]).
ย
CHAPTER 28
CHAPTER 28
(Vilna 13a)
(Vilna 13a)
ย
28:1 The eighth commandment (piqquda temina'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืชึฐึผืึดืื ึธืึธื]) is to love the proselyte (giyora [ืึดึผืึผืึนืจึธื]) who enters to be circumcised (Yitro [ืืชืจื] 70a) and to be brought under the wings of the Divine Presence (gadfoi di-Shekhinata [ืึทึผืึฐืคืึนื ืึดืฉึฐืืึดืื ึฐืชึธึผื]). And she brings them under her wings, namely, those who separate themselves from the impure Other Side (sitra aแธฅra mesa'ava [ืกึดึผืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื ืึฐืกึธืึณืึธื]) and draw near to her. As it is written: โLet the earth bring forth the living soul after its kindโ (totse ha-arets nefesh แธฅayyah le-minah [ืชึผืึนืฆึตื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื ืึฐืึดืื ึธืึผ]).
ย
28:2 And if you say that this living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]), which is included in Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]), is destined for all without distinction, the text returns and says: โaccording to its kindโ (le-minah [ืึฐืึดืื ึธืึผ]). Many porches (aksadarin [ืึทืึฐึผืกึทืึฐึผืจึดืื]) and chambers (idrin [ืึดืึฐืจึดืื]), one within the other, possess this earth (erets [ืึถืจึถืฅ]), which is the living creature (แธฅayyah [ืึทืึธึผื]), under his wings.
ย
28:3 Its right wing (gadfa yemina'ah [ืึทึผืึฐืคึธื ืึฐืึดืื ึธื]) has two porticoes (aksadarin [ืึทืึฐึผืกึทืึฐึผืจึดืื]). And from this wing unfold two other nations (Mishpatim [ืืฉืคืืื] 95a), which are near Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) in bond (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]), in order to introduce them into these porticoes. And under the left wing (gadfa sema'la [ืึทึผืึฐืคึธื ืฉึฐืืึธืืึธื]) there are two other porticoes, and from them unfold two other nations, which are Ammon ('Ammon [ืขึทืึผืึนื]) and Moab (Mo'av [ืืึนืึธื]). And all of them are called living soul (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]).
ย
28:4 And there are many other hidden chambers (idrin setimin [ืึดืึฐืจึดืื ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื]) and other palaces (heikhalin [ืึตืืึธืึดืื]) in every house. And of them are spirits destined for all those proselytes (giyorin [ืึดึผืึผืึนืจึดืื]) who are converted (Shelaแธฅ Lekha [ืฉืื ืื] 168a). They are called living souls (nefesh แธฅayyah [ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื]), perhaps according to their kind (le-minah [ืึฐืึดืื ึธืึผ]). And all enter under the axes of the Divine Presence (gadfoi di-Shekhinata [ืึทึผืึฐืคืึนื ืึดืฉึฐืืึดืื ึฐืชึธึผื]) and no more.
ย
28:5 (Vilna 13b) But the soul of Israel (nishmeta de-Yisra'el [ื ึดืฉึฐืืึฐืชึธื ืึฐืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) proceeds from within the body of that tree (gufa de-hahu ilana [ืึผืึผืคึธื ืึฐึผืึทืืึผื ืึดืืึธื ึธื]), and from there the souls fly into this earth, into its bowels, to the innermost part. And the mystery of this is in (Malachi 3:12): โfor you will be a land of delightโ (ki tihyu atem erets แธฅefets [ืึดึผื ืชึดืึฐืืึผ ืึทืชึถึผื ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึตืคึถืฅ]). And for this reason Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) is a precious son (ben yaqqir [ืึตึผื ืึทืงึดึผืืจ]), for whom the bowels are moved, and are called (Isaiah 46:3): โthose carried from the wombโ (ha-'amusim minni vaten [ืึธืขึฒืืึผืกึดืื ืึดื ึดึผื ืึธึผืึถื]), not those who come by the outward wings. Furthermore (Vilna 13b), proselytes (giyorin [ืึดึผืึผืึนืจึดืื]) have no share in the upper Tree (ilana 'ila'ah [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), much less in its body. Their share is in the wings (gadfin [ืึทึผืึฐืคึดืื]) and nothing more. The proselyte (giyora [ืึดึผืึผืึนืจึธื]) is under the wings of the Divine Presence (gadfei Shekhinata [ืึทึผืึฐืคึตื ืฉึฐืืึดืื ึฐืชึธึผื]) and nothing more. The proselytes of righteousness (girei ha-tsedeq [ืึตึผืืจึตื ืึทืฆึถึผืึถืง]) are those who dwell there and are bound there, and not within, as has been said (Lekh Lekha [ืื ืื] 96a). And therefore: โLet the earth bring forth living creatures according to their kindsโ (totse ha-arets nefesh แธฅayyah le-minah [ืชึผืึนืฆึตื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึธึผื ืึฐืึดืื ึธืึผ]). And for whom? โCattle, reptiles, and wild beasts of the earth, each according to its kindโ (behemah va-remes ve-แธฅayeto erets le-minah [ืึฐึผืึตืึธื ืึธืจึถืึถืฉื ืึฐืึทืึฐืชืึน ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฐืึดืื ึธืึผ]): all draw life from that living creature (แธฅayyah [ืึทืึธึผื]), but each according to its kind, as it needs to be.
ย
CHAPTER 29
CHAPTER 29
(Vilna 13b)
(Vilna 13b)
ย
29:1 The ninth precept (piqquda teshi'a'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืชึฐึผืฉึดืืืขึธืึธื]) is to have compassion on the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]) and to provide for them (tarpa [ืึทืจึฐืคึธึผื]). As it is written (Genesis 1:26): โLet us make man in our image, after our likenessโ (na'aseh adam be-tsalmenu ki-demutenu [ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึธืึธื ืึฐึผืฆึทืึฐืึตื ืึผ ืึดึผืึฐืืึผืชึตื ืึผ]). โLet us make manโ (na'aseh adam [ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึธืึธื]) indicates the joint participation of male and female. โIn our imageโ (be-tsalmenu [ืึฐึผืฆึทืึฐืึตื ืึผ]): the rich (I shot [ืขึฒืชึดืืจึตื]). โAccording to our likenessโ (ki-demutenu [ืึดึผืึฐืืึผืชึตื ืึผ]): the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]).
ย
29:2 For from the male side (dikhorah [ืึดึผืึฐืืึผืจึธื]) come the rich (atirei [ืขึฒืชึดืืจึตื]), and from the female side (nuqvah [ืึฐึผื ืึผืงึฐืึธื]) come the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]). Just as they are in one participation (shuttafa แธฅada [ืฉืืึผืชึฐึผืคึธื ืึฒืึธื]), and one has compassion for the other, and one gives to the other and does good to him (tivu [ืึดืืืึผ]), so too it is fitting for man, below, that rich and poor be linked in one bond, and that one gives to the other and one does good to the other.
ย
29:3 And as for what follows: โand have dominion over the fish of the seaโ (ve-yirdu vidgat ha-yam [ืึฐืึดืจึฐืืึผ ืึดืึฐืึทืช ืึทืึธึผื]) and the rest of the verse, we saw this mystery in the Book of King Solomon (sifra di-Shelomoh malka [ืกึดืคึฐืจึธื ืึดึผืฉึฐืืึนืึนื ืึทืึฐืึธึผื]): everyone who is kind to the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]) with benevolence of heart (re'uta de-libba [ืจึฐืขืึผืชึธื]). ืึฐืึดืึธึผื]) never has its form (diyyuqna [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื]) changed from the form (diyyuqna [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื]) of Adam the First (Adam ha-rishon [ืึธืึธื ืึธืจึดืืฉืืึนื]). And since the form of Adam (diyyuqna de-Adam [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื ืึฐึผืึธืึธื]) is marked in him, he rules over all the creatures of the world in that form. This is what is written (Genesis 9:2): โAnd the fear and dread of you shall fall upon every beast of the earth...โ All are agitated and afraid before that form (diyyuqna [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื]) which is marked in it, because this is an exalted precept, by which man rises, in his form of Adam (diyyuqna de-Adam [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื ืึฐึผืึธืึธื]), above all other precepts.
ย
29:4 And where do we know this from? From Nebuchadnezzar (Nevukhadnetsar [ื ึฐืืึผืึทืึฐื ึถืฆึทืจ]) (the wicked one). Even though he had dreamed that dream while he had compassion on the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]), his dream did not befall him. Since he cast an evil look, so as not to have compassion on the poor (miskenei [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึตื]), what is written? (Daniel 4:28): โThe word was still in the kingโs mouthโฆโ Immediately his form (diyyuqna [ืึดึผืืึผืงึฐื ึธื]) changed, and he was driven out from among the children of men. And so: โLet us make manโ (naโaseh adam [ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืึธืึธื]). It is written here to make (asiyyah [ืขึฒืฉึดืืึธึผื]), and it is written there (Ruth 2:19): โThe name of the man with whom I worked today is Boaz (Boโaz [ืึผืึนืขึทื]).โ
ย
CHAPTER 30
CHAPTER 30
(Vilna 13b)
(Vilna 13b)
ย
30:1 The tenth precept (piqquda asira'ah [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืขึฒืฉึดืืืจึธืึธื]) is to put on the phylacteries (tefillin [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึดึผืื]) and complete oneself in the superior form (diyyuqna 'ila'ah [ืึดืึผืึผืงึฐื ึธื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]). As it is written (Genesis 1:27): โAnd God created man in His own image.โ He opened the exposition and said (Song of Songs 7:6): โYour head upon you is like Carmelโ (roshekh 'alayikh ka-karmel [ืจึนืืฉึตืืึฐ ืขึธืึทืึดืึฐ ืึทึผืึทึผืจึฐืึถื]). We have already established and explained this verse; However, โhis head upon you is like Carmelโ refers to the upper Head (reisha 'ila'ah [ืจึตืืฉึธืื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]), to the head phylacteries (tefillin de-reisha [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึดึผืื ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึธืื]), to the Name of the holy upper King, YHWH (YHWH [ืืืื]), in marked letters (atvan reshimin [ืึธืชึฐืึธืื ืจึฐืฉึดืืืึดืื]), each letter being a section (parshata [ืคึทึผืจึฐืฉึธืืชึธื]), the Holy Name engraved in the order of the letters, as is fitting. And we learn (Deuteronomy 28:10): โand they will see that the Name of the Lord is invoked upon you, and they will fear youโ; these are the phylacteries of the head (tefillin de-reisha [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึดึผืื ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึธืื]), for they are the holy Name in the ordering of its letters.
ย
30:2 The first section (parshata qadma'ah [ืคึทึผืจึฐืฉึฐืืชึธื ืงึทืึฐืึธืึธื]) is: โConsecrate every firstborn to meโ (qaddesh li kol bekhor [ืงึทืึถึผืฉื ืึดื ืึธื ืึฐึผืึนืจ]) (Exodus 13:2). This is the Yod (yod [ื]), which is holiness (qodesh [ืงึนืึถืฉื]), the firstborn of all higher sanctities. โEveryone who opens the wombโ (peter kol reแธฅem [ืคึถึผืึถืจ ืึธึผื ืจึถืึถื]): by that subtle path (shevil daqiq [ืฉึฐืืึดืื ืึทึผืงึดึผืืง]) that descends from the Yod (yod [ืืึผ"ื]), which opens the womb (raแธฅam [ืจึทืึฒืึธื]) (alt. var.: โhis wombโ) to produce fruits and sprouts, as is fitting. And this is the superior holiness (qodesh 'ila'ah [ืงึนืึถืฉื ืขึดืึธึผืึธื]).
ย
30:3 The second section (parshata tinyana [ืคึทึผืจึฐืฉึฐืืชึธื ืชึดึผื ึฐืึธืื ึธื]) is: โAnd it shall be, when I bring you inโ (ve-hayah ki yevi'akha [ืึฐืึธืึธื ืึดึผื ืึฐืึดืืึฒืึธ]) (Exodus 13). This is the He (he [ื]), the Palace (heikhala [ืึตืืึธืึธื]), whose womb (raแธฅam [ืจึทืึฒืึธื]) opens from the Yod (yod [ืืึผ"ื]) through fifty openings (แธฅamshin pitแธฅin [ืึทืึฐืฉึดืืื ืคึดึผืชึฐืึดืื]), porticos (aksadra'in [ืึทืึฐึผืกึทืึฐึผืจึธืึดืื]), and hidden cameras (idrin setimin [ืึดืึฐึผืจึดืื] ืกึฐืชึดืืึดืื]) that is in him. [ืคึถึผืึถืจ]) that the Yod (yod [ืืึผ"ื]) makes in this Palace (heikhala [ืึตืืึธืึธื]) serves so that the voice (qala [ืงึธืึธื]) that comes from inside this shofar (shofar [ืฉืืึนืคึธืจ]) may be heard there. Because this shofar (shofar [ืฉืืึนืคึธืจ]) is closed on all sides, and the Yod (yod [ืืึผ"ื]) comes and opens it to make the voice come out of it. And, once he opened it, it sounded in it and made the voice come out of it to set the servants free (แธฅeiru [ืึตืืจืึผ]).
ย
30:4 And by the sound of this shofar (shofar [ืฉืืึนืคึธืจ]) Israel (Yisra'el [ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) came out of Egypt (Mitsrayim [ืึดืึดึผืฆึฐืจึธืึดื]). And so it will be again at the end of days. And all redemption (purqana [ืคึผืึผืจึฐืงึธื ึธื]) comes from this shofar (shofar [ืฉืืึนืคึธืจ]). And therefore the departure from Egypt (yetsi'at Mitsrayim [ืึฐืฆึดืืึทืช ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื]) is contained in this section (parshata [ืคึทึผืจึฐืฉึธืืชึธื]), because it proceeds from it, by the strength of the Yod (yod [ืืึผ"ื]) which opens the his belly, and brings his voice for the redemption of the servants. And this is the second letter He (he 'at tinyana [ื ืึธืช ืชึดึผื ึฐืึธืื ึธื]) of the Holy Name.
ย
30:5 (Vilna 14a) The third section (parshata telita'ah [ืคึทึผืจึฐืฉึฐืืชึธื ืชึฐึผืึดืืชึธืึธื]) is the mystery of unification (raza de-yiแธฅuda [ืจึธืึธื ืึฐืึดืืึผืึธื]) from โHear, Israelโ (shema yisra'el [ืฉึฐืืึทืข ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]) (Deuteronomy 6). This is the Vav (vav [ืึธื"ื]), which includes everything, and in it is the unification (yiแธฅuda [ืึดืืึผืึธื]) of everything. In it all things are unified, and it receives the whole. The fourth section (parshata revi'a'ah [ืคึทึผืจึฐืฉึฐืืชึธื ืจึฐืึดืืขึธืึธื]) is โAnd it shall be, if you listenโ (ve-hayah im shamo'a [ืึฐืึธืึธื ืึดื ืฉึธืืืึนืขึท]) (Deuteronomy; โAnd it shall be, if you listenโ), inclusion of the two sides (Vilna 14a), in which the Assembly of Israel (keneset yisra'el) is unified. [ืึฐึผื ึถืกึถืช ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]), the lower Rigor (gevurah de-letata [ืึฐึผืืึผืจึธื ืึดึผืึฐืชึทืชึธึผื]). batra'ah [ื ืึทึผืชึฐืจึธืึธื]), which receives them and is composed of them.
ย
30:6 And the phylacteries (tefillin [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึดึผืื]) are, in fact, the letters of the Holy Name. Therefore: โYour head upon you is like Carmelโ (roshekh 'alayikh ka-karmel [ืจึนืืฉึตืืึฐ ืขึธืึทืึดืึฐ ืึทึผืึทึผืจึฐืึถื]) (Bo [ืื] 43a; Va'etแธฅanan [ืืืชืื ื] 264a); these are the phylacteries of the head (tefillin de-reisha [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึดึผืื ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึธืื]). And โthe lock of your headโ (ve-dallat roshekh [ืึฐืึทืึทึผืช ืจึนืืฉึตืืึฐ]) is that phylactery of the arm (tefillah shel yad [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึธึผื ืฉึถืื ืึทื]), which is poor (miskena [ืึดืกึฐืึฐึผื ึธื]) in relation to the superior; however, it possesses fullness according to the model from above.
ย
30:7 โThe King is bound in the galleriesโ (melekh asur ba-rahatim [ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึธืกืึผืจ ืึธึผืจึฐืึธืึดืื]) (Song of Solomon 7:6): He is bound and held in those boxes (battei [ืึธึผืชึตึผื]) to be unified in that Holy Name, as is fitting. And therefore, whoever is rectified through them remains in the image of Elohim (tselem Elohim [ืึฐึผืฆึถืึถื ืึฑืึนืึดืื]). Just as in Elohim ('Elohim [ืึฑืึนืึดืื]) the Holy Name is unified, so too is the Holy Name unified, as is fitting. โMale and female He created themโ (zakhar u-nekevah bara otam [ืึธืึธืจ ืึผื ึฐืงึตืึธื ืึธึผืจึธื ืืึนืชึธื]): the phylacteries of the head (tefillin de-reisha [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึดึผืื ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึธืื]) and the phylactery of the arm (tefillah shel yad [ืชึฐึผืคึดืึธึผื ืฉึถืื ืึทื]); and everything is one.
ย
CHAPTER 31
CHAPTER 31
(Vilna 14a)
(Vilna 14a)
ย
31:1 O dรฉcimo primeiro preceito (piqquda แธฅad-'asar [Piquda Hadsar]) รฉ separar o dรญzimo da terra (ma'aser de-ar'a [Ma'aser de-ar'a]). Aqui hรก dois preceitos: um, separar o dรญzimo da terra (ma'aser de-ar'a [ma'aser de-ar'a]); e outro, as primรญcias dos frutos da รกrvore (bikkurei de-feirei ilana). As it is written (Genesis 1:29): โBehold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the earthโ (hinneh natatti lakhem et kol 'esev zorea' zera' asher 'al penei khol ha-arets [ืึดื ึตึผื ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื ืึธืึถื ืึถืช ืึธึผื ืขึตืฉึถืื ืึนืจึตืขึท ืึถืจึทืข ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึทื ืคึฐึผื ึตื ืึธื ืึธืึฐืจึถืฅ]). Here it is written โbehold, I have givenโ (hinneh natatti [ืึดื ึตึผื ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื]); and there it is written (Numbers 18:21): โAnd to the sons of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithes in Israelโ (ve-livnei Levi hinneh natatti et kol ma'aser be-Yisra'el [ืึฐืึดืึฐื ึตื ืึตืึดื ืึดื ึตึผื ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื ืึถืช ืึธึผื ืึทืขึฒืฉึตืืจ ืึฐืึดืืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื]). And it is written (Leviticus 27:30): โAnd all the tithe of the land, of the seed of the land, and of the fruit of the tree, is the Lordโsโ (ve-khol maโasar ha-arets mi-zera' ha-arets mi-peri ha-ets la-YHWH hu [ืึฐืึธื ืึทืขึฒืฉึทืืจ ืึธืึธืึถืจ ืึดืึถึผืจึทืข ืึธืึถืจ ืึดืคึฐึผื ืึธืขึตืฅ ืึทื' ืึฐืึธืึถื]).
ย
CHAPTER 32
CHAPTER 32
(Vilna 14a)
(Vilna 14a)
ย
32:1 The twelfth precept (piqquda treisar [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืชึฐึผืจึตืืกึทืจ]) is to bring the firstfruits of the tree (bikkurei de-ilana [ืึดึผืึผืึผืจึตื ืึฐืึดืืึธื ึธื]), as it is written (Genesis 1:29): โand every tree in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seedโ (ve-et kol ha-ets asher bo peri ets zorea zara' [ืึฐืึถืช ืึธึผื ืึธืขึตืฅ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึผืึน ืคึฐึผืจึดื ืขึตืฅ ืืึนืจึตืขึท ืึธืจึทืข]). As for everything that is due to Me (kol man de-itแธฅazei li [ืึธึผื ืึธืื ืึฐึผืึดืชึฐืึทืึตึผื ืึดื]), you are prohibited from eating it. But He allowed them and gave them all their tithe (ma'asra dilei [ืึทืขึทืฉึฐืืจึธื ืึดืืึตืืึผ]) and the firstfruits of the trees (bikkurin de-ilanin [ืึดึผืึผืึผืจึดืื ืึฐึผืึดืืึธื ึดืื]). โI gave to youโ (natatti lakhem [ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื ืึธืึถื]): to you, not to the generations that would come after you.
ย
CHAPTER 33
CHAPTER 33
(Vilna 14a)
(Vilna 14a)
ย
33:1 The thirteenth commandment (piqquda tleisar [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืชึฐึผืึตืืกึทืจ]) is to effect the redemption of his son (purqana li-vrei [ืคึผืึผืจึฐืงึธื ึธื ืึดืึฐืจึตืืึผ]), to bind him to life (แธฅayyin [ืึทืึดึผืื]). For there are two representatives (memannan [ืึฐืึทื ึธึผื]): one of life (แธฅayyin [ืึทืึดึผืื]) and one of death (mota [ืืึนืชึธื]); and they are placed upon man. And when a man redeems his son, he immediately rescues him from that power of death, which can no longer exert dominion over him. And the mystery of this lies in: โAnd God saw everything that he had made,โ together (bi-khelal [ืึดึผืึฐืึทื]); โand behold, it was goodโ (ve-hinneh tov [ืึฐืึดื ึตึผื ืืึนื]) (Genesis 1:31): this is the angel of life (mal'akh แธฅayyim [ืึทืึฐืึทืึฐ ืึทืึดึผืื]); โveryโ (me'od [ืึฐืึนื]): this is the angel of death (mal'akh ha-mavet [ืึทืึฐืึทืึฐ ืึทืึธึผืึถืช]). Therefore, through that redemption (purqana [ืคึผืึผืจึฐืงึธื ึธื]), this [side] of life is strengthened and that of death is weakened. Through that redemption (purqana [ืคึผืึผืจึฐืงึธื ึธื]), he acquires life for himself, as has been said. And that evil side (sitra bisha [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึดึผืืฉึธืื]) leaves him and no longer clings to him.
ย
CHAPTER 34
CHAPTER 34
(Vilna 14a)
(Vilna 14a)
ย
34:1 The fourteenth precept (piqquda arbeisar [ืคึดึผืงึผืึผืึธื ืึทืจึฐืึตึผืืกึทืจ]) is to keep the Sabbath day (yoma de-shabbata [ืืึนืึธื ืึฐืฉึทืืึทึผืชึธึผื]), for it is the day of rest (yoma de-nayiแธฅa [ืืึนืึธื ืึฐื ึทืึฐืืึธื]) of all the works of Creation (ovadei vereshit [ืขืึนืึธืึตื ืึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืืืช]). Here are included two precepts: one, the keeping of the Sabbath day (yom ha-shabbat [ืืึนื ืึทืฉึทึผืืึธึผืช]); and the other, to sanctify that day with its sanctification (be-qiddushei [ืึฐึผืงึดืึผืึผืฉึตืืืึผ]). Keeping the Sabbath day, as we have already mentioned and raised concerning it, for it is the day of rest forever (le-'almin [ืึฐืขึธืึฐืึดืื]). And all the works on it were finished and accomplished, until the day was sanctified.
ย
34:2 Since the day was sanctified, there remained the creation of spirits (ruแธฅin [ืจืึผืึดืื]) for which no bodies (gufin [ืึผืึผืคึดืื] were created. And perhaps the Holy One, Blessed be He (qudsha berikh hu [ืงืึผืึฐืฉึธืื ืึฐึผืจึดืืึฐ ืืึผื]), did not know how to delay the sanctification of the day until bodies were created for these spirits? However, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil (ilana de-da'at tov ve-ra [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืึฐืึทืขึทืช ืืึนื ืึฐืจึธืข]) awakened that Other Side of evil (sitra aแธฅora de-ra [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื ืึฐืจึทืข]), and wanted to strengthen itself in the world; and many spirits dispersed into many orders (zayyinin [ืึทืึฐืื ึดืื]), to strengthen themselves in the world in bodies (gufin [ืึผืึผืคึดืื]).
ย
34:3 When the Holy One, Blessed be He, saw that it was so, He stirred up a breath of spirit (neshiva de-ruแธฅa [ื ึฐืฉึดืืืึธื ืึฐืจืึผืึธื]) from within the Tree of Life (ilana de-แธฅayyei [ืึดืืึธื ึธื ืึฐืึทืึตึผื]) and struck the other tree; then the corresponding side of good was awakened (sitra aแธฅora de-tov [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื ืึฐืืึนื]), and the day was sanctified. For the creation of bodies (beri'u de-gufin [ืึฐึผืจึดืืืึผ ืึฐึผืืึผืคึดืื]) and the awakening of spirits (it'aru de-ruแธฅin [ืึดืชึฐืขึธืจืึผ ืึฐืจืึผืึดืื]) on the side of good happen on this night, and not on the Other Side.
ย
34:4 (Vilna 14b) And if the Other Side (sitra aแธฅora [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึณืจึธื]) had preceded, that night, before the side of good (sitra de-tov [ืกึดืึฐืจึธื ืึฐืืึนื]) preceded, the world could not subsist before them even for an instant. But the Holy One, Blessed be He, caused the remedy (asvata [ืึทืกึฐืึธืืชึธื]) to precede, for He anticipated before them the sanctification of the day (qiddusha de-yoma [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึธืื ืึฐืืึนืึธื]) and went before the Other Side, and the world subsisted. And that which the Other Side had intended to build in the world to strengthen itself, was built, that night, by the side of good, and was strengthened; and holy bodies and spirits were built, that night, by the side of good. Therefore, the conjugal union (onatan [ืขืึนื ึธืชึธื]) of the wise who know this mystery is from Sabbath to Sabbath (mi-shabbat le-shabbat [ืึดืฉึทึผืืึธึผืช ืึฐืฉึทืืึธึผืช]).
ย
34:5 For then that Other Side sees that all that she had thought to do, the side of holiness has done. She goes and roams with many of her hosts and factions, and sees all those who cohabit in their beds with their bodies uncovered by the light of the lamp. And all the children who come out of there become epileptic (nikhfin [ื ึดืึฐืคึดืื]), because spirits from that Other Side rest upon them. And these naked spirits of the wicked are called malefactors (mazziqin [ืึทืึดึผืืงึดืื]); among them dwells Lilith (Lilit [ืึดืืึดื"ืช]), and she kills them.
ย
34:6 Once the day was sanctified and holiness (qedusha [ืงึฐืืึผืฉึธืื]) came to dominate the world, that Other Side diminished itself and concealed itself throughout the Sabbath night and throughout the Sabbath day, except Asimon (Asimon [ืึทืกึดืืืึน"ื]) and all his flock, who walk upon the lamps, in concealment, to observe the unveilings of the conjugal union; and afterwards they conceal themselves in the cavity of the great abyss (nuqva di-tehoma rabba [ื ืึผืงึฐืึธื ืึดึผืชึฐืืึนืึธื ืจึทืึธึผื]). world; and therefore the Song of the Plagues (shir shel) was instituted. pega'im [ืฉึดืืืจ ืฉึถืื ืคึฐึผืึธืขึดืื]), so that they do not dominate over the holy people.
ย
34:7 Where do they wander that night? When they go out in haste, thinking to dominate the world against the holy people, and they see them in prayer (tselota [ืฆึฐืืึนืชึธื]) and chanting that song (shirata da [ืฉึดืืืจึธืชึธื ืึธื]), and immediately making the separation in prayer and the separation over the cup ('al ha-kos [ืขึทื ืึทืึผืึนืก]), they fly away from there and wander until they reach the desert. May the Merciful deliver us from them and their evil side.
ย
34:8 Our teachers, of blessed memory, said: There are three who bring evil upon themselves. One: he who curses himself. The second: he who throws away bread or crumbs in which there is the measure of an olive (ke-zayit [ืึทึผืึทึผืึดืช]). The third: he who lights the lamp at the end of the Sabbath, before Israel reaches the Sanctification of Order (qiddusha de-sidra [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึธืื ืึฐืกึดืึฐืจึธื]), for he causes the fire of Gehenna to be kindled by that fire before its time has come.
ย
34:9 For there is a place in Gehenna for those who profane the Sabbaths; and those who are punished in Gehenna curse him who lit the lamp before his time came, and say to him, โBehold, the Lord will hurl you away with a violent throw, O manโ (hinneh YHWH metaltelkha taltelah gaver [ืึดื ึตึผื ืึฐืึธ ืึฐืึทืึฐืึถืึฐืึธ ืึทืึฐืึตืึธื ืึธึผืึถืจ]) (Isaiah 22:17); โHe will roll you up into a ball into a spacious landโ (tsanof yitsnafekha tsenefah ka-dur el erets raแธฅavat yadayim [ืฆึธื ืึนืฃ ืึดืฆึฐื ึธืคึฐืึธ ืฆึฐื ึตืคึธื ืึทึผืึผืึผืจ ืึถื ืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึทืึฒืึทืช ืึธืึธืึดื]) (Isaiah 22:18).
ย
34:10 For it is not fitting to kindle a fire when the Sabbath is over, until Israel makes the separation in prayer and the separation over the cup. For until that time it is still the Sabbath, and the holiness of the Sabbath (qedusha de-shabbat [ืงึฐืืึผืฉึธืื ืึฐืฉึทืืึธึผืช]) reigns over us. And at the time they make the separation over the cup, all those hosts and all those camps that were appointed over the weekdays (yomei de-แธฅol [ืืึนืึตื ืึฐืืึนื]), each one sits in his place and in the service for which he was appointed.
ย
34:11 For when the Sabbath enters and the day is sanctified, the Holy One (qodesh [ืงึนืึถืฉื]) awakens and rules over the world, and the profane One (แธฅol [ืืึนื]) is removed from its dominion. Until the time when the Sabbath departs, they do not return to their places. And although the Sabbath has departed, they do not return to their places until the time when Israel says: โBlessed are You, Lord, who separates the holy from the profaneโ (barukh attah YHWH ha-mavdil bein qodesh le-แธฅol [ืึธึผืจืึผืึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื ืึฐืึธ ืึทืึทึผืึฐืึดึผืื ืึตึผืื ืงึนืึถืฉื ืึฐืืึนื]). Then the Holy One departs, and the appointed encampments on the weekdays awaken and return to their places, each to the task entrusted to it.
ย
34:12 And yet, despite all this, they do not yet have dominion until they are illuminated by the mystery of the lamp. And they are all called luminaries of fire (me'orei ha-esh [ืึฐืืึนืจึตื ืึธืึตืฉื]), for they proceed from the foundation of fire, and from fire they all come; and they have dominion over the underworld. And all this happens when man lights the lamp before Israel has completed the Sanctification of the Order (qiddusha de-sidra [ืงึดืึผืึผืฉึธืื ืึฐืกึดืึฐืจึธื]).
ย
34:13 But, if he waits until we complete the Sanctification of the Order (qiddusha de-sidra [kidusha desidra]), those guilty of Guehinom justify themselves on the judgment of the Holy One, Blessed be He, and confirm on that man all the blessings that the congregation offers: "E Deus te dรช do orvalho dos cรฉu" (ve-yitten lekha ha-Elohim mi-tal ha-shamayim [and God will give you rain from heaven]) (Gรชnesis 27:28); โBlessed are you in the city, and blessed are you in the fieldโ (barukh attah ba-'ir u-varukh attah ba-sadeh [ืึธึผืจืึผืึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื ืึธึผืขึดืืจ ืึผืึธืจืึผืึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื ืึทึผืฉึธึผืืึถื]) (Deuteronomy 28:3); โBlessed is he who considers the poor; the Lord will deliver him in the day of evil (ra'ah [ืจึธืขึธื])โ (ashrei maskil el dal be-yom ra'ah yemalletehu YHWH [ืึทืฉึฐืืจึตื ืึทืฉึฐืืึดึผืื ืึถื ืึธึผื ืึฐึผืืึนื ืจึธืขึธื ืึฐืึทืึฐืึตืืึผ ืึฐืึธ]) (Psalms 41:2). It should have said: โin the day of evilโ (be-yom ra [ืึฐึผืืึนื ืจึธืข]); what does it mean, then, โin the day of evilโ (be-yom ra'ah [ืึฐึผืืึนื ืจึธืข])? ร o dia em que aquela Maligna (ra'ah [evil]) domina, para tomar-lhe a alma.
ย
34:14 โBlessed is he who considers the poorโ (ashrei maskil el dal [ืึทืฉึฐืืจึตื ืึทืฉึฐืืึดึผืื ืึถื ืึธึผื]): this is the sick person (shekhiv mera [ืฉึฐืืึดืื ืึฐืจึทืข]), whom one seeks to heal from their sins before the Holy One, Blessed be He. Another interpretation: this is the day when judgment rests upon the world; He is saved from it, as it was said: โon the day of the Evil One the Lord will deliver himโ (be-yom ra'ah yemalletehu YHWH [ืึฐึผืืึนื ืจึธืขึธื ืึฐืึทืึฐืึตืืึผ ืึฐืึธ]). It is the day when judgment was given to that Evil One (ra'ah [ืจึธืขึธื]) to dominate the world (text missing).
ย
Embroidery Edition Hebrew, Jerusalem 1945
Embroidery Edition Hebrew, Jerusalem 1945
โ Hebrew source text: Sulam, Jerusalem Edition (1945).
โ Source: National Library of Israel www.nli.org.il
ืืงืืื
ืืงืืื
Chapter 1
ืจืื ืืืงืื (ื "ื: ืจืื ืืืขืืจ) ืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืกืืช ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืคืชื, ืืชืื ืืฉืืฉื ื ืืื ืืืืืื. ืืื ืฉืืฉื ื, ืื ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื. ืืืื ืืืืช ืฉืืฉื ื ืืืืช ืฉืืฉื ื, ืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืช ืื ืกืืืง ืืืืืจ, ืืืฃ ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืช ืื ืืื ืืจืืื. ืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืืช ืื ืชืืืกืจ ืขืืื, ืืืฃ ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืช ืื ืชืืืกืจ ืืืืืื ืืจืืื ืืกืืจืื ืื ืืื ืกืืจืื. ืืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืขืชื ืืืืืจ ืืคืืง ืชืืืกืจ ืชืืืื ืืกืืจื ืืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืจื ืื.
ืืืืชืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืจื, ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืจื, ืืืื ืืืคืงื ืืืฉ ืขืืื ืชืงืืคืื ืืกืืจืื ืืฉืืฉื ื. ืืืื ืื ืืืฉ, ืืงืจืื ืืฉืืขืืช. ืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืชืจืขืื. ืืขื ืจืื ืื ืืชืื, ืืืก ืืฉืืขืืช ืืฉื, ืื ืืืก ืฉื ืืจืื. ืืืก ืฉื ืืจืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืฉ ืืฆืืขื ืืื ืืชืืจ, ืืืืื ื ืืฉืืฉื ื ืืืชืื ืขื ืืืฉ ืขืืื ืชืงืืคืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืฆืืขื. ืืฉืืฉื ื, ืื ืืืื ืืืก ืฉื ืืจืื, ืืืืืื ืชื ืื ื ืขื ืืืืื ืชืืืชืื ืืืฉ ืชืืืื. ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืจ ืืืชืืจื ืืืชืื ืื, ืืืชืืืื ืืืจืืช, ืืืื ืืขืื ืืฉืืฉื ื ืืืคืืง ืื ืืจืขื. ืืื ืืงืจื ืขืฅ ืขืืฉื ืคืจื ืืฉืจ ืืจืขื ืื. ืืืืื ืืจืข, ืงืืืื ืืืืช ืืจืืช ืืืฉ.
ืืืื ืืืืืงื ื ืืืจืืช ืืืืจืข ืืืจืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืขื, ืื ืืืืจืข ืฉืื ืืืืคื ืืคืจืฉ, ืืืจืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืืชืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืจืืฉืืช.
Chapter 2
ืืจืืฉืืช. ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืคืชื, ืื ืฆื ืื ื ืจืื ืืืจืฅ. ืื ืฆื ืื, ืื ืขืืืื ืืืจืืฉืืช. ื ืจืื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืืชื, ืืืื ืืฉืืืฉื, ืืืชืื ืืชืืฆื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืื ื ืจืื ืืืจืฅ. ืขืช ืืืืืจ ืืืืข, ืื ืืื ืจืืืขื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืขืจืืฆืื. ืืืจืช, ืืกืจ. ืืงืื ืืชืืจ, ืื ืืื ืืืืฉื, ืืืชืื ืืฉืจืฆื ืืืื ืืื', ืืืขืื ืชืืืืืช. ื ืฉืืข, ืื ืืื ืฉืฉื, ืืืชืื ื ืขืฉื ืืื, ืืืื ืขืชืื ืืืงืื ืขืฉืื ืืฉืืืขื, ืืืชืื ืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืืชื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืข. ืืืจืฆื ื, ืื ืืื ืฉืืช, ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืจืฅ ืืืืื.
ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืื ืฆื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืขืืื ืืืืฉืื, ืืขืืื ืืขืืื ืืืชื ืืืชืื ืืื ืชืื. ืืืชืื ื ืคืงื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืจื ืื ื ืืืื ืงืฉืื. ืืชืืืื ืืืกืฃ, ืืืืืืจื ืืื. ืขืื ืืืกืฃ ืืืจืขื ืงืืืฉื ืื ืฆืื ืืื ืชืื, ืืืืื ื ืจืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืชืืื ืชืื. ืืืืืชื ืืชืืืื, ืืฉืขืชื ืืืชืืื ืงืฉืช ืืขืืื, ืืื ืืฉืขืชื ืืงืฉืช ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืื ืื. ืืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืขืช ืืืืืจ ืืืืข ืขืื ืืงืฆืฅ ืืืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืืื ืืฉืชืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืฆื ืื ื ืจืื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืืืื ืื ืจืื ืื ืืฉืชืืจืื ืืขืืื, ืืขืืื ืื ืืชืงืืื.
ืืืื ืืงืืื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืืืืื, ืงื ืื ืืงื ืืืขืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืจืืืื ืืขืืื, ืขืืื ืืฉืชืืื. ืืงืืืืืื, ืชืืจื ืืื ื ืขืฉื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืงื ืจืืืื ืขืืืืื, ืืืชืื ืืขืฉืืช ืฉื ืื ืืจืืืื ืืื.
Chapter 3
ืืจืืฉืืช. ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืคืชื, ืฉืื ืืจืื ืขืื ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืจื ืืื. ืฉืื ืืจืื ืขืื ืืื. ืืื ืืชืจ, ืืืชืจ ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืชืืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืื, ืคืชื ืขืื ืื. ืืชืื ืชื ืืขืื, ืืืื ืกืชืื ืขืชืืงื ืืงืืืื ืืฉืืื, ืืจื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืื, ื"ื. ืืืื ืืืงืจื ืืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ืงืืืื ืืจืฉืืชืื. ืืขื ืืงืืืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืืื ืืืจื ืกืชืื ืืื ืืชืืืื, ืืงืจื ื"ื, ืืื ืืขืืื ืืืช ืชืื ืฉืืื. ืืืื ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืงืจื ื"ื.
ืืืืช ืืืจื ืืชืชื ืืืงืจื ื"ื. ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืงืืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืืงืจื ื"ื ืงืืืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืกืชืืื ืืืื ืืข ืืืจืื ืืืจืื ืขื ืกืืฃ ืื ืืจืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืชืื ื"ื, ืื ืืืขืช, ืื ืืกืชืืืชื, ืื ืคืฉืคืฉืชื, ืื ืืื ืกืชืื ืืืงืืืืชื.
ืืขื ืจืื ืื ื ืืชืื, ืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืื ืื. ืื ืืชืืจืื ืื ืืงืืฉื, ื ืคืง ืงืื ืืืืจ, ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืืื ื"ื ืืขืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืืืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืงืืืืื, ืืืชืื ืืขืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืช ืืืจืฅ. ืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืฉ, ืขืืจืืช ืื ืืขืืจืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืขืืืืช ืื ืฉืืื ื ืขื ืขืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืช ืืขืืจ ืฉืืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืคื ืืื'. ืงืจืื ื ืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืจ ืฉืืืจื ืื. ืื ืืฉืื ืื. ืืืืื ื ืืื ืช ืืชืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืฉืชื ืื ืขืื ืงืืืฉื ืืกืืจืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืื ืืืืื ื ืื, ืืื ืืืขืื ืื ื ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืขืืื ืื ืืืืืกื ืืชืชื. ืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืื. ืืืฉืชื ืืื ืช ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืจื. ืืื ืชืืื ืืืืช ืื ืงืืืื ืืืกืืืชื, ื"ื ืืจืคื ืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืกืชืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืงืืืื ืืื, ืืจืคื ืื ืืืืงืื ืื.
ื"ื ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืื, ื"ื, ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืชืชื, ืืื ืืจืืช ืืขืงื, ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืงืฆื ืื ืืงืฆื, ืื ืืงืฆื ืงืืืื ืืืืื ื"ื, ืื ืืงืฆื ืืชืจืื ืืืืื ื"ื, ืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืฆืขืืชื. ืืขื ืื, ืื ืืจื ืืื.
Chapter 4
ืืืจ ืจ"ืฉ, ืืืขืืจ ืื ื ืคืกืืง ืืืื, ืืืชืืื ืกืชืืื ืืจืื ืขืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืื ืืืขืื. ืฉืชืืง ืจ' ืืืขืืจ. ืืื ืจ"ืฉ, ืืงืืื ืจืืขื ืืื. ื"ืจ ืฉืืขืื, ืืืขืืจ, ืืื ืืื. ืื ืชืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืชืืื ืชืื ืชืืืจ. ืืื"ื ืืืชืืจืืื, ืื"ื ืืืืจ ื' ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉื. ืื ืขื ืืืื ืกืชืืืื, ืื ืืืชืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืจืื ืื ืื ืืชืืืื, ืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืืฃ ืืื, ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืื, ืจืื ืืืขืช ืื ืืื ืื ืืจื ืืื. ืืืื ื ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืืื, ืขืืืื ืืงื"ื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืกืชืืื ืืื, ืืืืจืื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืขืฉื ืืฆืืขืืชืื ืืื' ื' ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ.
ื"ื, ืจืื: ืืื ืกืชืืื ืืื ืงืื ืงื"ื, ืืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืื. ืืฉืขืชื ืืกืชืืื ืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืขื ืืืชืืืื, ืขืื ืืจืืฉื ื ืงืืื ืืื, ืืื ืกืืืง ืืืืื ืืืฉืื. ืฆืืืจ ืื ืื ืฆืืืจืื ืืงืง ืื ืื ืืืืคืื.
ืืืืืืฃ ืื ืืืฆืื ื ืงืืืฉื ืกืชืืื ืืืืคื ืืื ืฆืืืจื ืกืชืืืื ืงืืฉ ืงืืืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืขืืืงื ืื ืคืืง ืืื ืืืฉืื, ืืืงืจื ืื ืฉืืจืืชื ืืื ืื ื ืงืืืื ืืื ืงืืืื, ืขืืืง ืืกืชืื ืืฉืื. ืื ืืงืจื ืืื ืื. ืืขื ืืืชืืืืื ืืืืชืงืจื ืืฉืื ืื, ืืืชืืืฉ ืืืืืฉ ืืงืจ ืื ืืืจ, ืืืจื ืื"ื, ืืกืืืง ืื"ื ืืฉืื. ืืชืืืจืื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืื. ืืขื ืื ืืจื ืืื ืื ืกืืืง ืืฉืื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืื, ืขื ืจืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื.
ืืืื ืืืฉืชืชืฃ ื"ื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืชืชืฃ ืชืืืจ, ืืืจืื ืื ืืชืงืืื ืขืืื. ืืคืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืืืขื ื ืืื ืืืืงืืื ื ืขื ืจืื ืืกืชืจื ืืืื. ืืชื ืจ' ืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืงืืื, ืืื ืืืืจื, ืืืืื ืื ืืชืื ื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืข ืื ืื.
Chapter 5
ื"ืจ ืฉืืขืื, ืขื ืื, ืฉืืื ืืืืืืืื ืื"ื ืืชืืจืืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืขืฉื ืืฆืืขืืชืื ืืื' ืืืชืื ื"ื ืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชื ื ืืืื ืขื ืืฉืืื, ืขื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืกืืงื ืืฉืื. ืืืื ืืืจื ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืจืื, ืืืชืืืฉ ืื ืืื ืืกืืืง ืืฉืื ืขืืื. ืืขื ืื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื"ื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืื ื.
ืืื ืืฉืขืชื ืืืชืืฉืื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืื"ื ืืืขืืื ืืชืชื, ืืืื ืืืืืคืช ืืืจืชื ืืื ืื, ืืงืฉืืื ืื ืืงืืฉืืืื. ืืืืืชื ืงืฉืืื ืื ืืงืืฉืืืื ืืืงื ืืื. ืืฉืขืชื ืืืชืืืื ืงืื ืื ืืืืจื, ืืืชืื ืื ืคื ื ืืืืื ื', ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืื, ืื"ื ืื ื ืืจืื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืจืฅ. ืืืื ื ืคืงืช ื' ืืืขืืืช ื', ืืืชืงืฉืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืืจื ืืงืืืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืฉืจืื.
ืืืชืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืชืจ ืื: ืืื ืืืืจื, ืืืืจื ื ืืคืืืื, ืืฉืคืืื ื ืืืขืื ืืจืขืืช ื ืคืฉื, ืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืชืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืื. ืืืืื ืืงืื ืจื ื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืืื. ื"ืจ ืืืขืืจ, ืฉืชืืงื ืืืื ืื ื ืืงืืฉื ืืขืืื, ืืื ื ืืงืืฉื ืืชืชื. ืืืืืื ืืื ืืกืืข, ืืฉืชืืงื ืืชืจืื. ืืื ืืกืืข, ืื ืืืืจื ื ืืืชืขืจื ื ืืื, ืืฉืชืืงื ืืฉืชืื ืื ืืฉืชืืงื ื, ืืืืจื ืืืืื ื ืชืจืื ืขืืืื ืืืื.
ืืืจ ืจ' ืฉืืขืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืงืจื, ืืืชืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืกืคืจ ืฆืืื, ืชืจืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืื, ืืืืฆืืจืื ืืืืื ืจืฉืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืืืชืืจ ื"ื, ืืื ื"ื, ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืชืชืื: ืื ืขืืื ืจืฉืื ืืืืจ ืืืืฆืื ืืืกืคืจ ืฆืืื, ืืืืฆืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืข ืืืืช ืืืืชืื. ืืืืื ื ืื, ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืืฆืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืข, ืื ืืจืื ืชืชืื, ืืืื ืื. ืืืกืคืจ ืฉืชืื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืืงืืืืื ืืืื ืืืคืืงื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืฉืื ื.
ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืชืื, ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืฉื ืืงืจื. ืืื ืืฉื ืืงืจื. ืื ืชืืื ืืงืจื ืืื ืืฉืืืชืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืื, ืื"ื ืืฉืื ืืืขื ืืื. ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืื ืื ืกืืืง ืืฉืื ืืืงืจื ื"ื, ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืคืืง ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื, ืืข"ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืจื ืื"ื, ืืืกืชืืง ืืฉืืื, ืืืงืจื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืื, ืืคืืง ืืื ืืฉืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืงืจื, ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื, ืงืจื ืืืคืืง ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืืชืงืืืื ืืฉืืืืืชืื. ืืืืื ื ืื ืจืื ืงืจืืชื ืืฉื: ืืืืจื ื ืฉืื ืืืชืงืืืื ืืฆืืื ืขื ืงืืื ืืฉืืืืชืื.
ืืจืื ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืื, ืื ืจืืฉ ืืจืืื, ืืกืืืงื ืืื ืื ืจืขืืชืื ืืืกืชืืงื ืืื ืืืจื ืกืชืื. ืืืืืฅ ืื, ืื ืจืื ืืขืืื ืขืืื, ืืืกืชืืง ืืฉื ืืืืื ืืืงืืืจื. ืืืฉ ืื ื ืขืืจ, ืืืื ืื ืฉืชืื ืจืืื ืืืคืืง ืืืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืื ื ืขืืจ, ืืื ืืชืจ ืืืืชื ืืฉืจืื ืืืชืขื ืฉื ืืืืืืืื, ืืชืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืจ ืืืื ืื ืฉืชืื ืจืืื ืืคืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืงื ื ืืื: ืืื ืืืืฉ ืื ื ืขืืจ ืืขืืื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืื ื ืขืืจ ืืชืชื.
Chapter 6
ืืจืืฉืืช ืจื ืืื ืื ื ืกืื ืืืจ, ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืืคืืื, ืืืช ืืงืืืืชื ืืืืชืจ ื', ืืืื ื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื, ืืืชืจ ื' ืืงืืืืชื ืืืืชืจ ื', ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืช. ืืื ืื ืืขื ืงื"ื ืืืขืื ืขืืื ืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืกืชืืืื, ืืชืจืื ืืืคืื ืฉื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืจื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืกืชืื ืงื"ื ืืืฉืชืขืฉืข ืืื.
ืื ืืขื ืืืืจื ืขืืื, ืืชื ืื ืืชืืื ืงืืื ืืกืืคื ืืจืืฉืืืื. ืฉืจืืืช ืืช ืช ืืืืขื ืืจืืฉื, ืืืจื, ืจืืื ืขืืืื: ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื ืืืชืื ืืืืฉืคื ืงื ืืืื, ืืืช, ืืืช ืืชืงืจืืืช ืืืช, ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืืช ืืืช, ืืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื ืืืืช ืื ืช ืืืืื ืื ืช, ืืื ืืืช ืื ืช ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื. ืืืืื ืืื ืช ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืจืฉืื ืขื ืืฆืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืื, ืืงืืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืื' ืืขื ืช', ืืืจืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืชืื. ืืขืื, ืืื ืช ืืืชืื ืืืืช, ืืืืื ืืื ืช ืื, ืืืช ืื ืช ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื. ืืื ื ืคืงืช.
ืขืืืช ืืช ืฉ ืงืืื, ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืชืงืจื ืฉืื ืฉื"ื, ืืืืืช ืืืืจื ืขืืื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืืืช ืื ืช ืืื ืื ืช ืืงืฉืื ืื ืช, ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืืคื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืขืื ื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืชืงืืื ืฉืงืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืง ืจ.
ืืืื, ืืื ืืืขื ืืืืืจ ืฉืงืจื ืืืื ืืกืืื ืืงืฉืื ืืงืืืืชื, ืืืืชืจ ืืืงืื ืืื ืฉืงืจื, ืืื ืืช ืฉ ืืช ืงืฉืื ืืืื, ืืช ืงืฉืื ืืืืืชื ืืืชืืืืื ืื. ืง ืจ ืืชืืื ืืืชืืืืื ืขื ืกืืจื ืืืฉื ืืื ืื, ืืืืื ืืืชืงืืืื ื ืืื ืืช ืฉ ืืืืืืืื ืืื ืงืฉืจ. ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ืฆ ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื, ืื ืืชืืืื ืฆืืืงืื, ืืื ืช, ืืืชืงืจืืืช ืฆืืืง, ืื ืจืฉืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืฆืืืง ื' ืฆืืงืืช ืืื, ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืฆืื, ืฆืื ืื ืช, ืืฆืืืง ืื ืช, ืืื ืื ืช ืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจื, ืืืช ืื ืช ืฆืจืื ืืืชืืืื ืื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืคืชืืื ืคื ืืขืืื. ื"ื, ืฆืืืจ ืืืื, ืืชืื ื ืืฉืื ืืืจืืช ืงืืืฉื ืืจืืื ืขืื ืืืชืืื ืืืื. ืืจืื ืื, ืื ืืจื ืงื"ื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืคืจืฆืืคืื ืืจืื. ืืื"ื ืื ืคืื ืืื"ื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืืืื ื ืื ืฆืืืจ, ืืื ืืชืืืจื ืื ืคืื ืืื ืคืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืฆืืืจ, ืืกืชืื ืืขืืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืฆืืืจ ืืกืชืืืช ืืชืชื ืืืืื ื ืื ืฆืืืจ ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื: ืชื, ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืกืจื ืื, ืืืืขืื ืื ืืคืื ืืืคืื, ืืื ืืืชืจื ืืืจื ืชืกืชืืง. ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื ืืืืืช.
ืขืืืช ืืช ืค, ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืคืืจืงื ื ืืื ืช ืืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืืื, ืื ืจืฉืื, ืืื ืืื ืคืืืช, ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืืืช ืื ืช, ืืื ืื ืืชืจืฉืื ืคืฉืข ืืืืืจื, ืืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืื, ืืืขืื ืจืืฉืื ืืื ืืืคืื, ืืื, ืืื ืืื, ืืคืืฃ ืจืืฉืื ืืืคืืง ืืืื. ืืื ืข ืขืื, ืืข"ื ืืืืจื, ืืืืช ืื ืขื ืื, ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื ืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืืื. ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ืก, ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืืืช ืื ืกืืืื ืื ืคืืื, ืืืชืื ืกืืื ื' ืืื ืื ืืคืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืขื ืื ืื ืช ืฆืจืื ืืืชืจื, ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืื, ืื ืืช ื ืคืืง ืืืชืจื, ืื ืชืื ืขืืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืคืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืกืืืืื ืขืื. ืืื ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื , ืืืจื ืงืืื ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืชืื ื ืืจื ืชืืืืช, ืืชืืื ืืฆืืืงืื ื ืืื ืชืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ื ื"ื, ืชืื ืืืชืจื ืืื ืืืื ื ืชืืช ืกื"ื ืืืชืจื, ืืืื ืกืืื ืขืื. ืืื ืชืืช ืืืชืจื ืื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืชืงืจืืืช ืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืื, ืชืื ืืืชืจื, ืื ืช ื ื ื ื, ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืืงื ืืื ืืื.
ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื, ื ืืชื ืื ืงืืืืื ืืช ื ืืขื ืืืจืกืื ืืงืจืื, ืืืืขืืขืช ืืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื ืืืืื. ืืื ื ืืชืช ื ืืขื ืืืจืกืื ืืงืจืื, ืืืืขืืขื ืืืชื ืืืฃ ืขืืืื ืืืืืขืืข ืืจืกืืื, ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืขืืขื ืืื ืคื. ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื: ื"ืฃ, ื"ืฃ, ืื ืืช ืขืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืชืื ืืืชืจื, ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืจืฆื ืืฉืชืืข, ืชืื ืืืจืกืืื ืืืื ืชืื. ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื ืืชืืช ืืืืืชื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื, ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื ืฉืืจืืชื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืืืช ืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืื ืื ืืื ืช ืืงืืง ืื, ืืื ืช ืจืฉืื ืื, ืืื ืจืขืืชื ืืืื ืื, ืกืืืง, ืืืช ืื ืช ืืืืช ืืืชืขืงืจื ืื ืฉืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืช, ืื ืืชืงืจืืืช ืืื ืืืฉืจ. ืืืจ ืื: ืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืกืชืื ืืืืื ืืฆืคืื ืืืืื, ืื"ื ืื ืจื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืคื ืช ืืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืช ืืื ืืืืงื ืืขืืื ืื, ืืื ื ืืขื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืืขืืื ืืืชื. ืืชื, ืืขื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืืขืื ืชืจืขื ืืืืืื. ืื"ื ืืืขื ืืืจืฅ ืฉืขืจืื. ืืชื ื ื ืืงืืื, ืืื ืชืชืืืจืื ืืืื, ืื ื"ื, ืืขื ืื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืื ืจืฉืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืื ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื, ืืืจื ืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื ืืจืื ืื ืื ืฉืืช, ืืืชืื ืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืืฉืืช ืืงืืฉื. ืืืจ ืื: ืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืช ืืืช ืื ืงืจืื, ืืืจืื ืืฉื ื ื, ืืจืืืื ืืงืจืื, ืืืืื ื ืื ืื, ืืื ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื ืืช ืืฉืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืื, ืื ืช ื ื, ืื ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืชืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืชืื ืืจืื ืืฉืื, ืืืงืืงืื ืืืืืคืื ืืฉืื, ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืขืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื ืืืช ื, ืืืจื ืืืฃ ืืื. ืืืจ ืืืฃ ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืขื ืื, ืืื ืืกืื ืื ืื ืืชืืืืื ืื ืขืืื, ืืฆืจืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืื. ืื"ืช ืืืื ืืกืื ื, ืืื"ื ืืืื ืื ืืืื, ืื ืชืชืคืจืฉืื ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื.
ืขืืืช ืืช ื ืืืจื ืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืืจืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืชืชื. ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื: ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืขืืื, ืืืช ืชืื ืฉืืจืืชื ืืืืจื ืขืืื.
ืงืืืื ืืช ื ืื ืขืืืช. ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื: ืื"ืฃ, ืื"ืฃ, ืืื ืืืช ืื ืช ืขืืืช ืงืืื ืืฉืืจ ืื ืืชืืื. ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืจืืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืืชืืื ื ืคืงื ืื ืงืื ืืื ืชืืขืืชื, ืื ืื ื ืืขืืื ืชืื. ืืชื, ืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืช ืื"ืช ื ืืืืื ืจืืจืื ืื, ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืขืืจื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจื. ืืืจ ืื ืงื"ื: ืื"ืฃ ืื"ืฃ, ืืข"ื ืืืช ืื"ืช ืื ืืืจื ืขืืื, ืืช ืชืื ืจืืฉ ืืื ืืชืืื, ืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื. ืื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืื, ืืื ืขืืืื ืืขืืื, ืืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืช ืื"ืฃ.
ืืขืื ืงื"ื ืืชืืื ืขืืืื ืจืืจืื ืืืชืืื ืชืชืืื ืืขืืจืื, ืืืืื ืื ืื"ืช ืื"ืช, ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื. ืื"ืฃ ืื"ืฃ, ืืืืื ืืช. ืืชืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืชืืื ืืชืชื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืขืืื ืขืืื ืืืขืืื ืชืชืื.
Chapter 7
ืืจืืฉืืช, ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืจ, ืืื ืืจืืฉื"ืช, ืืืื"ื. ืื ืืื"ื ืืขืืื ืงืืืื ืขืื ืืขืืื ืื ืจืืื ืกืชืืืื ืขืืืื. ืืืื ืืืืืคื ืฉืืช ืกืืจืื ืจืืจืืื ืขืืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ืคืืง ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืชืขืืืื ืฉืืช ืืงืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ืจืื. ืืืืื ื ืืจื ืฉื"ืช, ืืืื ืืชืืจืืื. ืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ, ืืืื ืกืชืื ืืื ืืืืข.
Chapter 8
ืจืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืกื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืงื, ืืืจ ืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืกื, ืื ืืืืจืืชื ืืจื ืฉืืช, ืืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืฉืืช ืืืืื ืขืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืื ืืชืืจ, ืืืจื ืื ืกืชืืืื ืืื ืื.
ืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืกืชืจื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืจ ืืื. ืืืืคื ืืืืืฃ ืืืื ืกืชืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืืืจื, ืื ืงืื ืื ืงืืื ืื ืขืฅ. ืืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืืฃ ืืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืชืืืช ืืคืชืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืืคืชืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื, ืืืข"ื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืขืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืคืชืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืคืชืื ืกืืืจ ืืคืชื.
ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืกืชืืืื ืกืืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืช ืชืจืขืื ืขืืื ืกืชืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืฉืื. ืืืืืคื ืืืจืืข ืกืืจืื ืืืื ืืจืืขืื ืืชืฉืข. ืื ืชืจืขื ืืืช ืืื ืกืืจื, ืื ืืืืข ืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืชืชื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืชืจืขื ืกืชืื.
ืื ืืื ืื ืชืจืขืื ืืืช ืื ืขืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืชืจ ืืงืืง ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืคืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืจืฉืื ืืื ืืจืฉืืื ืืืคืชืื, ืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคืชืื ืืืืืืื. ืืขื ืจืื ืื ื, ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืืื. ืืจืืฉืืช, ืื ืืคืชืื ืืืื ืกืชืื ืืื, ืืืื ืกืืืจ ืืคืชื, ืืฉืืช ืชืจืขืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืคืชืื ืืกืืืจ ืืคืชื, ืื ืกืืืจ ืืื ืื ืชืจืขืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืชืื, ืืจืืฉืืช, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืชืืืื. ืืืื ืืชืจ, ืืจ"ื, ืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืืื, ืกืืืจ ืืื ืคืชื.
Chapter 9
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืกื, ืืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืฉืืขื ื ืืืืฆืื ื ืงืืืฉื ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืืื ืืจื, ืกืืืจ ืืื ืคืชื. ืืืขืื ืืืื ืกืืืจ ืืืื ืืืจื, ืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืงืืื, ืืืื ืืคื ืขื ืืื ืชื"ื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืชื"ื ืขืืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืชืงืืื.
ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืคืชืื ืคืชื ืชืจืขืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืืฉื ืืืืขืื ืชืืืืื, ืื ืืชื ืืืจืื. ืืืชืื ืืื ืชืืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืฅ ืืืืจืื, ืืชื ืื ื, ืืืืจื"ื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืชืื ืืืืช ืืจื, ืืชืืืจื ืืชืืื ืืฉืืืฉื, ืื ืคืง ืขืืืื ืืขืื ืชืืืืื, ืื"ืจ ืืกืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืขืืื ืงืืืื ืขืืื.
ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืชืจืฉืื ืืืืช ืืจื, ืืืื ืจืฉืื ืกืชืืืื ืขืืืื ืจืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืืงืจืื, ืืื ืืืื ื"ื, ืืืจื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืชืืจืื, ืืืืื ื"ื, ืืชืจืฉืื ืืืคืืง ืื ืืจ"ื ืื"ืจ. ืืืื ืจืฉืื ืืืื ืืกืืจื ืื, ืืื"ืจ ืืกืืจื ืื. ืกืชืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืื"ื ืงืืืื, ืื"ืจ ืงืืืื. ืื ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืืฉืชืืื ืื, ืืืืฃ ืืืื ืื"ืจ ื', ืืืืฃ ืืืื ืื"ื ื'.
ืืชืขืจื ืืชืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืื ืืคืืง ื' ื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืกืืจื, ืืฉืชืืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืชืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืืจืื, ืื ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืืฉืชืืื ืื. (ืื"ื ืื ืื ืงื"ื ื"ื ืืฉืื ืืื"ื, ืืืชืขืืื ืืืื"ื. ืื ืืื ืงื"ื ื"ื ืืฉืื ืืื"ืจ ืืืชืขืืื ืืืจื"ื. ืืืืช ื"ื ืจืืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉืขืจื ืืื ื, ืืืืช ืื ืื"ื ืืืช ืงืืืื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืืช ื"ื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืืช ืืื ืืืช ืชื ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืื"ื. ืื"ื ืืฉืจื ืืขื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื', ืชืืื ืืจืฅ ืขื ืืื ื"ื, ืืืืื ืืชืงืืืื ืชืจืื ืขืืืื, ืืื"ื ืขืืื ืืืชื ืืื"ื ืขืืื ืื. ืืืืืจ, ืื"ื ืืจื ืขืืื ืืื, ืืื"ื ืืจื ืขืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืจืื ืขืืื ืืชืชื). ืืืืื ืขืืื ืชืืืืืช ืื ืคืง ืฉืื ืฉืืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืงืื ืื ื, ืื"ื, ืืื ืชืืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืฅ ืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืื ืชืืืื ืขื ืืืชืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืฉืชืืื. ืื"ื ืืืื ืขืฉืืช ื' ืืืืื ืืจืฅ ืืฉืืื.
Chapter 10
ืืฉืชืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืืจืขื ืื ืฉืง ืืขืคืจื, ืืืื ืืืืจ, ืขืคืจื ืขืคืจื, ืืื ืืช ืงืฉื ืงืื, ืืื ืืช ืืืฆืืคื, ืืื ืืืืื ืขืื ื ืืชืืืื ืื, ืื ืขืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืขืืื ืชืืืื ืืชืืืืง. ืืื ืืช ืืฆืืคื, ืืืฆืื ื ืงืืืฉื ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืจืืจืื ืืื ื ืืืืืชืื ืืงืืื ืขืืื, ืืชืืื ืื. ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ื, ื ืืืจื ืืขืืืื, ืื ืช ืืื ืืขืคืจื ืืื ืช ืงืืื ืื ืื ืขืืื. ืืฉืชืืื ืจืืขื ืืื, ืืืืจ ืขืคืจื ืขืคืจื ืื ืชืชืืื, ืืื ืืชืืกืจืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืขืืื, ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืชืืื ืื.
ืงื ืจืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืจืื ืืืกื ืขืืื. ืืืืื ืืืื ืืชืขื ื ืืจืืขืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื. ืืืจื ืืื ืืืช ืื ืช ืจืฉืื ืืืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืืชืขื ื ืืจืืขืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื, ืืืื ืืขืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืจืื ืืืกื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืคืื ืฆืืืชืื ืืืืืืื.
ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืคืื ืจืืจืืื ืขืืืื, ืืกืืืงื ืขืืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื ืืกืืืงื ืืืชืืืชื ืืจืงืืขื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืคืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืืชืืืจื ืืืชืืืฉื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืชืืจ ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืฉืืฉื.
ืคืชื ืจ"ืฉ ืืืืจ, ืืืขืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืชื ืื ืคื ืฆืืืงืืื ืืืื ื ืืืชื. ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืกืืคื ืืืืื ืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืขืืืื ืชืงืืฃ ืืืื. ืืืื ืืืื ืขืื, ืืืื ืงื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืฉืืจ ืขืืืืื ืืืชืืื ืชืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืกืืฃ, ืืืฉืืื ืืจืืื, ืืขืื ืืืชืื ืืจืืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื.
ืงืื ื ืคืง ืืืืจ, ืืืื ืขืื ื ืื ืชืืงืืฃ ืจืืฉื, ืืื ืชืกืชืื. ืืืื ืขืื ืื, ืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืจืืืง. ืงืื ืืืืจ ืืืืงืืืื, ืืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืืืจืื ืกืชืืืื, ืคืงืืื ืขืื ื, ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืื ืขืืื, ืืกืชืืื ืืืื. ืชืชืืื ืืืืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืืืจืืืื, ืืชืขืจื.
ืืื ืื ืืื, ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืคืื ืื ืืืจื, ืืืขืืื ืืจืืจื ืืืชืงื, ืขื ืื ืืืชืื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืจ ืืฉืขืชื ืืืืื ืคืงืื ืืืืืชื, ืืืชืืืงืจ, ืืืชืงืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืฆืคื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืช ืืื ืืืืงื ืืื.
ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืื, ืกืืจื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืงืืืืื. ืืืื ืืกืืืงื ืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืจืงืืขื, ืืืื ืกืืงืื, ืืืืื ื ืืชืื, ืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืคื ืืืื ืืชื.
ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืืข ืืืืืจื ืคืจืืืื, ืืืืื ืืคืงื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืชื ืื ืฉืืืืช ืืขืคืจื, ืืืขื ืืขืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืืชืืช ืืื ืืชืฉืขืื ืจืงืืขืื, ืืืืื ืืจืชืชืื ืืืขืื ืงืืื. ืืืืจืื ืืืขืื ืขื ืื, ืื ืคืื ืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืจืชืืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืจืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืงืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื, ืืืชืงืืื, ืืงืืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืงืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืข ืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืฉืืช, ืืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืขืชื ืืืชืื ืฉืื ืื ืขืืืื ืขื ืขืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืขืืจืื ืื ืืืื.
ืืืืื, ืฉืืข ืงืื ืืืืจ, ืคื ืื ืืชืจ ืคื ืื ืืชืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืชื ืืืชืืืชื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื, ืืืื ืืื ืฆืืืงืืื ืืชืื ืจืืฉื ืืชืืืชื. ืืืื ืื ืืชืืืชื ืืชืื ืจืฉืืืื ืืื ืื. ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืชืืืชื, ืกืืงื ืืืชืืืชื ืืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืจืงืืขื. ืืืฉืื ืืชื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืืืชื, ืืืชืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืคืืืืืื ืืจืื ื. ืืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืืชื ืืฉืื ืืชืขืืจ ืื ืจืืฉื ืืชืืืชื ืืขืืจืื ืขืืืืื.
ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื, ืงืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืื, ืืงื ืจ' ืฉืืขืื, ืืืื ืกืืืง ื ืืืจืื ืขื ืจืื ืจืงืืข, ืืืจ ืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืื ืช, ืืืืจืืืชื ืกืืงื ืืชืืช ืืื ืืฉืืขืื ื ืืืจืื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืจื ืืชืคืจืฉืช ืืฉืืช ืืื ืืชืืืกืจ ืืขืืื ืกืืงืื ืืืกืชืืืื ืื ืืจื ืืคืจืกืืื ื ืืืื. ืืงื"ื ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืืชืืืชื, ืืืืชืืืชื ืืืืงืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืชืืืชื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ื.
ืืื ื ืื ืืชืื ื ืืืืชื ืืืชืืืชื, ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืคืื ืืชื ืืื, ืืื ืืืขื ื ืืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืชืืืชื ืืืจืืชื, ืืื ืืืชืืืชื. ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืกื ืืื ืจ' ืฉืืขืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืคืื. ืืืื ืืืืขืืข ืืฉืื ืืืจืื ืงืืื, ืืืืืขืืขื ืจืงืืขืื, ืืืืืขืืข ืืื ืจืื, ืืืืืขืืข ืืืืชื, ืืืฉืื ืขืืื ืืืชืืคืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืจ' ืืืื ืืจืืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื. ืืืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืื ืจืื ืืืื, ื ืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ื ืืืืจืืืชื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืชืื ืฉ ืืื ืืื ืื, ืืืืืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืื ื.
ืื ืคืง ืืชืื ืืืืขืืข, ืืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืขืื. ืืืืขืืข ืจืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืจ, ืืืื ืืืืงืืื ืืฆืืืงืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืงืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื. ืขืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉ ืืืืฆืจืืชืืื ืืืื.
Chapter 11
ืืจืืฉืืช. ืจ' ืฉืืขืื ืคืชื, ืืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืคืื. ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืงื"ื ืฆืืืช ืืงืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืชืขืกืงื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืืฉ ืืืืจืืืชื, ืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืชืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืขืืื ืจืงืืขื ืืื.
ืชื ื ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืชืืืฉืช ืืคืืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ, ืืืื ืืื ืกืืงื, ืืืชืขืชืืช ืงืืื ืืงื"ื. ืืงื"ื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืง ืื, ืืขืืจ ืื ืืฉืืขืื ืขืืจืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืงืงื. ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืชืืืฉื, ืกืืงื ืืืชืื ืขื ืจืืฉื ืืฆืืืง ืื ืขืืืื. ืืืกื ืืชืื, ืืฉืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืืฃ ืขืืืื, ืืกืืืงืช ืืืื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืชืืง ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืกืชืืืื ืขืืืื.
ืืืืื ืืื ืกืชืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืชืืืฉืช ืืื, ืื ืกืืงื ืืชืืืจืช ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืชืืง ืืืืื, ืืกืืงื ืื ืืชื ืืืืืืื, ืืขืืืช ืืชืื ืืกืจ ืขืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืื ืจืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืชื, ื ืคืงื ืืชืื, ืืฉืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืื, ืืืชืขืชืื ืงืื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื. ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืืจื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืงืืื, ืืืื. ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืืขืืจ ืื ืืชืืช ืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืืฃ ืขืืจืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืกืช ืืกืืงื ืื ืืชื ืืืชืขืืืื ืจืงืืขื ืืื.
ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื, ืืชืขืืืื ืจืงืืขืื ืงืืืืื ืืงืืืื ืฉืืื ืงืื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื, ืืืื ืงืจื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืื: ืฉืืื ืืืืืฉืื, ืกืชืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืชื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืชืืืฉืื, ืงืืืืื ืงืื ืงื"ื, ืืกืืงืื ืืืชืขืืืื ืืจืฆืืช ืืืืื. ืื ืืชืื, ืืืชืขืืจืื ืืืื ืืจืฅ ืื, ืืืชืืืฉ ืืืชืขืืื ืืื ืืจืฅ ืืืฉื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืืฉ ืืืืจืืืชื.
ืืขื ืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืจืฅ ืืืืฉื ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืขืืฉื, ืขืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืื'. ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืชืื, ืืื ืขืืฉื, ืืขืืื ืชืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืขื ืื ืืชืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืคืื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืกืืชืื ืื ืืข ืฉืืื ืืืืกืื ืืจืฅ. ืืฉืืื ืื ืืชืื, ืืื ืฉืืื.
ื"ืจ ืืืขืืจ ืืื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืกืืชืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืขืชื ืืืชืืกืจ ืืืจืืืชื ืืืฉื, ืืชื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืืงืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืื ืืคืืืืื, ืขื ืืืคื ืขืืื ืงื"ื. ืืืฉืชื ืืืื ืืื ืกืืงื ืืืชืขืืจื ืืงืืืื ืงืื ืงื"ื, ืืืื ืืคื ืขื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืกื ืขื ืืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ, ืืื ืืฉืชืืืืข ืืืืืืื, ืืื ืงื"ื. ืืื ืืงื ืืื ืืืืื, ืขื ืืืชืขืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืฉืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืฉื. ืื"ื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืกืืชืื ืื ืืืข ืฉืืื ืืืืกืื ืืจืฅ. ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืกืชืื ืืขืื ื, ืกืืงื ืืชืืขืืชื ืขืืื. ืื"ื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืกืืชืื. ืืืืื ืืชืืคื ืืืชืืกื ืืขืื ื, ืืืื ืืชืืขืืชื ืขืืื. ืื"ื ืื ืืืข ืฉืืื ืืืืกืื ืืจืฅ, ืืื ืืืชืืจ.
ืืืืืจ ืืฆืืื ืขืื ืืชื. ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืชืจืขืื ืืืืื ืืืฆืืืื ืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื, ืขืื ืืชื. ืื ืชืงืจื ืขืื ืืชื, ืืื ืขืื ืืชื, ืืืืื ืฉืืชืคื ืขืื, ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืขืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ, ืื"ื ืืืืจ ื' ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืืช. ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืืจืืืชื.
ืืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืื ื"ื ืืื ืืืข ืขืืื ืื. ืชื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืื ืืืข ืขื ืืืจืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืกืืงื, ืื ืคืืง ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืชืืคืืืืช ืืฉืื ืฉืงืจ, ืืื ื ืืงืื ืืชืืืื ืจืื, ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืคืจืกื ืืงืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืงืืื, ืืขืืื ืื ืจืงืืขื ืืฉืื, ืืืงืจื ืชืื.
ืืืก ืืืืื ืจืงืืขื, ืืืื ืืืฉ ืชืืคืืืืช, ืฉืืชื ืืืคื ืคืจืกื ืืืื ื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืจืงืืขื ืืฉืื ืงืืื, ื ืคืงืช ืืื ืืฉืช ืื ืื ืื, ืืืชืงืืฃ ืืืืื ืจืงืืขื ืืฉืื, ืืืฉืชืชืคืช ืืื. ืืืชืื, ื ืคืงืช ืืงืืืช ืืื ืืืคืื ืืจืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืงืืืืช ืืืืื ืจืงืืขื, ืืืช ืื ืจืฉื ืืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืก ืื ืขืืื ืืจืืขื ืืื.
ืืขื ืื ืืชืื, ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื. ืืขืื, ืื ืืืืจื. ืืืขืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืื, ืื ื ืืงืื ืืืงืจื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืื ืืืงืจื ืขืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืืชืจ, ืืขืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืงืื ืืืงืจื ืืืื, ืืชืื ืืชืชืงืคืช ืืืืื ืืก ืืงืืื ืื ื ื ืฉื, ืืขื ืื ืื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืืคืืื, ืืื ืืคืืื, ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืช ืื ื ื ืฉื. ืืื ืืจืื ืื, ืชืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืจื, ืจืืื ื ืืฉืืื.
ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืืืชื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืชืคืงืื ืืคืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืื ืืืขืชืื ืืื ืฉืืขืชืื ืืืืื ื ืจืืจืื ืืืงื ืืืืช, ืืืื ืืื ืชืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืืกืื ืื"ื ืืืื ื. ืคืชืื ืืืืื ื ืืืจื, ืจืืื ื ืืฉืืื, ืจืืื ื ืืฉืืื.
ืชื ืืื, ืืืืจืืืชื ืืจื ืงื"ื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืืงืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืฆืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืขืฉืืขืื ืืื ืืื. ืืืืื ืืกืชืื ืื ืืื ื, ืืชืจืื ืืชืืชื ืืืจืืข ืืื ืื, ืืืืชืจ ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืืชืจ ืขืืื ืื ืขืืืืชื. ืืืืืคื ืืื ื ื ืฉื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืขื ืื. ืื"ื ืื ืจืื ืืืกืคืจื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืื.
ืืืงืืื ืืจืืข ืืื ืื ืืื ืื, ืืืชืื, ืื ืจืื, ืืืกืคืจื, ืืืื ื, ืืื ืืงืจื, ืืจื ืงืืืฉื ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืจื. ืืขื ืื ืืคืืง ืขืืืืชืื, ืืขืื ืืจืืข ืชืืื ืืงืืืืชื, ืืืชืื, ื'ืจืืฉืืช ื'ืจื ื'ืืืื ื'ืช, ืื ืืจืืข. ืืืืชืจ ืืฉืืื. ืืื ืื ืืงืืื ืืจืืข ืืื ืื ืืืกืชืื ืงื"ื ืืืืจืืืชื ืขื ืื ืืคืืง ืขืืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืชืื.
Chapter 12
ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืืกื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืงืื ืื ืืืื, ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืชืจืืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ื ืคืชื ืคืชืืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืื ืฉืขืชื ืืขืื ื ืืื ืืืชืชืงื ื ืืืจืื.
ืคืชื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืืืจ ืืช ืฉืืชืืชื ืชืฉืืืจื. ืชื ืืื, ืืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืจื ืงื"ื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืืืชืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื. ืืืืชื ืืื ืขืืืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืื ืจืืืขืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืชืืช ืืืืื ืงืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืื ืืชืืื, ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืจืืืขืื, ืืคืืง ืขืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืืื ืืฉื ืืืื ืืจืืื, ืืข"ื ืืืื ืื ืชืืช ืืกืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืชืืืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืขืืืืชื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืจืขื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืชืืืข ืืืื ืืชื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืืื ืชืืืชืื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืชืืฉื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉื, ืืืชืื ืืชืืฆื ืืืจืฅ. ืืื ืืื ืืข"ื ืืืชืื ืืืืื ืชืืืชืื, ืจืืืขืื ืืื, ืืืชืืืื ืืืืื ืชืืืชืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืคืจืืื. ืืืืชืจ ืืืื ืจืืืขืื ืืชืืื ืขืืืืชืื ืืืคืงื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืื ืจืืืขืื ืืืื ืจืืื ืจืืืขืื ืืืจืกืืื ืขืืื.
ืืื ืขืืืืชืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืงืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืจืืื, ืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืชื. ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืขื, ืื ืฉืืช ืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืจืืืขืื ืืืจืกืืื.
ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืช ืฉืืชืืชื ืชืฉืืืจื, ืชืจืื. ืืื ืฉืืช ืืืขืื ืฉืืชื ืืฉืืชื ืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืช ืืื ืคืจืืื.
ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืชืจืืืื, ืืืื ืืืงืืฉื ืชืืจืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืงืืืฉื ืืฉืืช. ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืฉืืช. ื"ื ืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืชืืฉืื ืืืขืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืขืืืืช ืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืงืืฉ, ืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืขืืื ืืืขืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืื, ืืงืจืืช ืืฉืืช ืขืื ื ืืงืืืฉ ื' ืืืืื. ืืืืจ ืฉืืช ืืืื ืืงืืืฉ ื' ืืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืงืืืฉ ื'. ืืืจ ืืื ืงืืืฉื ืื ืืชื ืืืขืืื ืืฉืจืื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืชืืฉืื ืืืขืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื, ืืชืืื ืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืืชื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื ืืื: ืื ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืช ืืื, ืืื ื ืื ืืืขื ื ืื. ืืืจื ืืื: ืืืื ืื ืช.
ืคืชื ืืืืจ, ืืช ืฉืืชืืชื. ืืช, ืืืกืืื ืชืืื ืฉืืช, ืืืืื ืชืจืื ืืืคืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืืจื, ืืืืื ืื ืืกืื ืืช ืฉืืชืืชื, ืื ืฉืืช ืขืืื ืืฉืืช ืชืชืื, ืืืื ืื ืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืกืชืืืื ืืืื.
ืืฉืชืืจ ืฉืืช ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืกืืคื. ืืืจื ืงืืื: ืืืจื ืืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืขืืืช ืื, ืฉืืช ืืชืงืจืื ื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืจืชื, ืฉืืช ืื ืช ืืฉืืช ืงืจืื ื ืื, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืขืืจ ืื ืืขืืจื ืขืืื ืืชืืจ. ืืขืืจ ืืจืืื ืืืืจ, ืืงืืฉื ืชืืจืื, ืืื ืฉืืช ืืืขืื ืฉืืชื, ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืจืื. ืืืื ืืืื, ืืงื"ื ืืืืื ืืืืจ, ืื ื ื'. ืืื ื ืฉืืขื ื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื. ืืืืืง, ืืช ืืืกืืื ืชืืื ืฉืืช. ืฉืืชืืชื, ืื ืขืืืื ืืจืืืข ืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืชืจืื. ืืืงืืื ืืื ืื ืชืจืื, ืืืช ืชืจื ืงืืืฉืชื ืืืืช ืื ื ืืืืืจื, ืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืงืืืฉ. ืืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืชืืชืื ืืืืฉ ืชืืืื, ืืืงืืืฉื ืืื ื ืืงืืฉืื, ืชืืชืื ืืืืฉ ืชืืืื, ืืกืืืง ืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืฉืืื ืืงืืืฉื ืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืชืขืืจ ืืื.
ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืจืืืขื ืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืชืืชื, ืืืืื ืชืจืืืืื ืืฉืืืจ, ืืืชืื ืชืฉืืืจื. ืืื ืฉืืช ืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืจ ืืกืชืืื. ืืขื ืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื. ืืขื ืื ืืืช ืืืืืงืช ืืขืืื.
ืืืื ืืชืจืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืชืชื, ืื ืืขืงื, ืืื ืืืกืฃ, ืืืืื ืื ืืชืื ืชืจื ืืื ื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืืง ืืืงืจืื, ืืจืืืง ืื ืืขืงื ืืืงืจืื ืื ืืืกืฃ. ืืจืืืง ืื"ื ืืจืืืง ื' ื ืจืื ืื ืืชืชืฆื ืืืืชื ืืจืืืง. ืืืงืจืื, ืื"ื ืืืฉืื ืืงืจืื ืืื.
ืืจืืืง, ืื ื ืงืืื ืขืืื ืืงืืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืขื ืื ืืชืื ืชืฉืืืจื ืืชืืืื ืืฉืืืจ. ืืืงืืฉื ืชืืจืื, ืื ื ืงืืื ืืงืืืื ืืืืฆืขืืชื, ืืืืช ืืืืื ืื ื ืืชืืจ ืืืื, ืืขื ืฉืื ืืืชื, ืืืืื ื ืืืชืื ืืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืช. ืืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืืจืืืขื, ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ื ืงืืื ืฉืจืื ืืคืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืช, ืืขื ืื ืืชืื ืชืืจืื. ืืืืื ื ืงืืื ืืงืจื ืื ื, ืืขืื ืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืกืชืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืชืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืื"ื ืืืื ืื. ื ืืชื ืจ"ื ืืจ' ืืื ืื ืฉืงืืื. ืืืจื, ืืื ืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืช ืชืืืช ืืื, ืืืช ืืขืื ืืืชืจืื. ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืื ืช, ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืชืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ื, ืืื ืื ื ืืืชืื ื ืืื ืื ืชืขืกืง ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืื ืืจื ืืืจืื.
ืืืจื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืื ืืืืจื, ืืืจ ืืื, ืื"ื ืขืื ืงืจืื ืืชืจืื ืืชืืื, ืื"ืฃ ืืกื"ื, ืืืชืงืฉืจื ืืืืื. ื"ืฃ, ืื ืืขื ืืืกืชืืงื ืืืืชืงืฉืจื, ืืชืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืจืืขื ืืื ืืื ืืื. ืกื"ื, ืื ืืขื ืืืกืชืืงื, ืืืื ืืกืขืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืคืืื, ืืื ืืื ืกื"ื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืื"ื ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืืื, ื ืฉืืง ืื, ืืืคืืฃ ืื, ืืื ืขืื ืืืืจ ืื, ืืจื ืื ืืขืืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืกืชืืง ืืื ื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืจืื ืขืืืื ืืงืืจืื, ืืชืจ ืื ืืืชื ืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืื ืกืขืื ืื, ืืืชื ืื ืืืกื ืชื ืืชืจืื ืืชืืื ืขืืืื, ืืชืืจ ืืืืื ืืืกืชืืงื, ืืืื ืื ืืฉ, ืื"ื ืขืืื, ืืฉื"ื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืื"ื ืืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืืจื. ืืขื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืื.
ืืื ืจ' ืืืขืืจ ืืจ' ืืื ืืืื, ื ืืืจื: ืืื ืจืืื, ืืื ื ื ืืขืื ืืืชืจื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืคืงืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืขื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืจื. ืืืจื ืืื, ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืจืช ืื, ืืชืจ ืืืช ืืืชืื ืืื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืชืจ ืืืช ืืืชืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืคืจื ืืืืืจื, ืจื ืืืงืืจื. ืืืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืงื"ื ืืื ืืกืื ื. ืืื ืืื ืืชืจ ืืืช ืืืชืื, ืืืืื ื ืืชืื, ืืื ื ืืขืื ืืืจื. ืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืื ืืจ' ืืืขืืจ ืืื, ืืืืขืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืงืื ืืื ื ืืืืืฉื. ืืืจื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืื ืชืืื, ื ื ืฉืืง ืขืคืจื ืืจืืื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืจืืืชื.
ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืจืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืื ื ืืืื ืืกืืจ ืืื ืจืื ืืกืืจื ืื ืืกืืจื ืื, ืืืื ืจื ืืืงืืจื ืืขืชืืง ืืืืื, ืขื ืืืื ืืืข ืื ืฉืืจ ื ืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืืชืจ ืืคืืง ืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืฉืื ืืื ืืจืืขื ืืื ืืชืืงืคืื, ืืืคืืง ืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืชืงืืฃ. ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืชืจ ืืืืจืืช ืืื. ืืืื ืชื ืืืชืจืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื.
ืืฉืื ืจ' ืืืขืืจ ืืืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืืืฆืื ื ืงืืืฉื, ืื ืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืจื ืืื ืื ื ืกืื, ืื ืช ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืื ืช ืืขืื ืืืชืจื. ืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืงืืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืงืื ืืืจื ื ืืืืืขื ืื ืฉืืื.
ืคืชื ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืข, ืืื ืงืจื ืืืงืืื, ืืฉืคืืจ ืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืงืจื ืืืืืื ืจืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืื ืืืชื. ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืข, ืขื ืจืื ืืืืืชื ืงื ืืชื, ืืื ืกืชืืื ืืืื, ืืฉืื ืืจืื. ืื ืืืฉ ืื, ืื ืฆืืืง ืื ืขืืืื. ืจื ืคืขืืื, ืืืจื ืืื ืขืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืคืงืื ืื ืื. ื' ืฆืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื, ืจืฉืื ืืื ืืจื ืืืื.
ืจื ืคืขืืื ืืืื ืืงืืฆืื, ืืื ืืืื ื ืจื ืืืงืืจื, ืจื ืืืื, ืืื ืืชืจ ื ืคืง, ืืื ืืจืื ืืชื, ืืืืจ ืงืจื ืืืืจ ืืงืืฆืื, ืืจืื ืขืืื ืกืชืืืื ืืขืื ืื ืจืืชื ืืื', ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืขืืื, ืืื ืื ื ืคืืง ืืื.
ืืืืื ืืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืกืชืืื, ืืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืกืชืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืืคื ืืืื ืืืืื ืงืืืืื ืื ืขืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืชืื ื ืืงืืืื ืขื ืงืืืืืืื.
ืืื ืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืืจืืื ืืืื, ืชืจืื ืืงืืฉืื ืงืืืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืชืื ื ืื ืื, ืืงืืฉ ืจืืฉืื ืืืงืืฉ ืฉื ื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืชืืง ื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืขืืื ืืชืื ืข, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืื, ืืฉืฆื ืืื.
ืืืจืกืืื ืงืืืฉื ื ืคืืช, ืื"ื ืืื ื ืืชืื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืงืจื ืื ื, ืืื ืืชืื ืืืืื. ืืืื, ืขื ื ืืจ ืืืจ, ืขื ื ืืจ ืื ืืื ืื ืคืืง ืืคืกืืง ืืืืื ืืืืืขืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืงืืืืชื. ืื"ื ืื ืืจ ืืืจื ืืืืฉ, ืืืจื ืืืืช ืจืืฉืื, ืืืืฉ ืืืืช ืฉื ื. ืืื"ื ืืื ืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืืจืืื ืืืื. ืืืื: ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืชืืจืื ืืืฉืชืฆืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืชืืฉืื.
ืืชื ืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืช ืืืจื. ืืืื ืื ืงืืืืื, ืื ืืื ื ืืจ ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืชืชื, ืืื ืงืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืืื, ืืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืงืจืื ืื ืืืคืจื ืขื ื ืคืฉืืืื, ืืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืช ืืืขืืื ืืืืงื ื ืืื ืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืข"ื ืืืืื, ืจืืืฅ ืขื ืืจืคืื, ืืืื ืงืจืื ืื ืืืืจ ืชืงืืฃ. ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืชืืืจืื ืืงืืื, ืืื ื ืคืงื ืืืจ.
ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ื ืืืช ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืชืชื, ืืงืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืื ืืขื ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืคืื ืืืืงืืืืชื, ืืืืืื ืงืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืืื, ืืชืื ืืืืจ, ืืขืื ืื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืฉื. ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื, ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืชืชืงืคืช ืืฉืืจืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืงืจืื ืื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืืจืืื, ืืื ืคืื ืื ืคื ืืจืื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืคื ืืืื.
ืืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ื ืืชืื ืืขืืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืืขื ืื ืืชืื ืื ืชืืจื ืืืืชื ืืฉืื, ืื ืืื ื ืขืืื, ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืืืฉ ืฉื ืื, ืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืืฉื ืชืงืืคื. ืขื ืืื ืจืื ืืงืจื.
ืื ืืชืื ืืชืจืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืฉ ืืฆืจื, ืืืฉ ืืจืื. ืืื ืจืื ืืงืจื ืืชื ืืืืืขื, ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืกืชืืง ืืื ืข ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืฉ ืืฆืจื, ืื ื ืืืจื, ืืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืฉืจืื. ืืืื ืืืื, ืืฉื. ืืืชืื ืืชืืืจื ื ืืืฉ ืืฆืจื ืืฆืืื ื ืืื', ืืชืื ืืชืืืื, ืืชืื ืืชืจืื, ืืชืื ืืกืชืืืง ืื ืืืจื ืขืืื.
ืืืฉ ืืจืื: ืื"ื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืืช. ืืืฉ, ืื"ื ืืืฉ ืืืืืื, ืืืืืื, ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืืื ื'. ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืจืขืืชืื ืืืจืขื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืจื.
ืืืื ืืืฆืจื ืื ืืช. ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืกืจ ืืืืื, ืื"ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืจื ืขืจื ืฉืืช ืืื ืืฉืืฉืืช ืืืงืืง ืืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืืคื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืืื ืื ืืกืืข. ืื"ื ืืื ืืช ืืกืืข ืืืืื ืคืขืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืงื"ื: ืืฉื ืื ืืืืืช ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื.
ืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืื ื ืงืฉืื. ืืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืฆืจื. ืืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืืชืื ืข ืื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืื. ืืืืจืืื ืืื ืืชื. ืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืช, ืืื ืขืื ืืืจืขื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืชืื ืข ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืฉืจืื.
ืื ืืฉืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืื: ืืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืฉื ื ืขืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืชืชื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืชืงืจื, ืืื ืืฉืืฉื ืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืขืืชื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืืืืื.
ืืืฃ ืขื ืื ืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืฉืื ื ืืืืื. ืืืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืขืชื. ืืื ืืชืคืจืฉ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืื, ืืืช ืคืจืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื. ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืชืืฉืืื, ืืฉืืจืื ืืจืืืื ืืกืืืจื ืขืืื ืืฉืืฉื, ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืขืชื.
ื ืคืื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื ืืื ืงืืื. ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืงืื ืืืกืชืืื ืืื ืกืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืื. ืืชืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื. ืืืชืจ ืฉืขืชื, ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืชื ืื ื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืฆืืืงืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืชืืื ืืืืืืื. ืืืื ืื ืืื ืจื ืืื ืื ื ืกืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืขื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืืข ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืืกื ืืื ื. ืงืื ืืืื ืืขื ืืืืขื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื, ืืขื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจื. ืืขื ืืืื, ืืื ืงืจืื ืืืืื ืืชืจ, ืืื ืืืืจื.
ืคืชื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืืืจ. ืื ืจื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืคื ืช ืืืจืืื ืืื'. ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืงืืจื ืืืืื ืงื"ื ืืืขืื ืืื ืื ื ื ืฉื, ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืื ืขืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื. ืืืื ืื ืืชืื ืืื ืจื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืืื ืืืืขื. ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืื ืขืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืืื, ืืจื ืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืื'.
ืชื ืื ืจื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืฃ ืจืื ืืืืืชื, ืืื ืจืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืื, ื"ื: ืืื ืืืชืืจ. ืจื: ืื ืืืื ื ืจ"ื ืืชืงืืฃ. ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืจื, ืืืขืื ืืื ืืจืื ืจืงืืขืื.
ืืืื: ืื ืืืจ ืืืชืืจื ืืืืื ืงืืืื. ืืฉืจ ืฆืคื ืช ืืืจืืื: ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืืืงืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื. ืคืขืืช: ืื ืื ืขืื ืขืืื. ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืคืขืืช ื' ืืื ืืื ืคืขืืช ืืืืกืื ืื.
ื ืื ืื ื ืืื, ืื ืื ืขืื ืืืชืชื, ืืื ืฆืืืงืืื ืชืื ืงืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืชืืืฉ ืืืืืฉ ืืงืจ, ืืืืื ื ืืืืืงื ื ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงื ื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืขืืื. ืืงืืืื ืชืื, ืืคืจืื ืืืืืจื ืืกืืงื ืืื ืืชืืืชื ืืจืงืืขื ืืืืื ื"ืข ืืืขืืื, ืืคืจืื ืืืกืชืืืื ืืืื ื ืืจื ืืคืจืกืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืชื ืืฉืจืื ืืชืชื.
ืืืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืขืื ืืื ื ืกืื, ืืืืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืชื ื ืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืกืชืืื ืืืื ืืข ืจืืื ืืืืืชื ืืชืืจ.
ืคืชื ืจืื ืืื ืืืืจ, ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืื ืืฉืชื ืืืช ื ืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืจืืื ื, ืืข"ื ืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืข ืืื ืขืืืืชืื, ืืืจ, ืืืืื ืืืชืื ืื ืื ืืจืื ื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ื, ืืื"ื ืืืช ื ืืืช. ืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืื ืชืงืืื ืืขืืื. ืืื ืงื"ื ืฉืืจืื ืืืื, ืืืืืขื ืื ืจืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืงื ื.
ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืจื, ืืืื ื ืื ืฉืืฉื. ืฉืจื ืขื ืคืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืจื ืืืงืฉื ืื ืืื, ืืืืจื ืฉืืจืชื. ืขื ืืืื ืืืื, ืฉืืขื ืื ืงืื ืชืงืืคื ืืืื ืืืจ, ืื ื ืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืืชืืืจื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืฆืื ื ืื ื ืืชืืืชื, ืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืืชืืืื ืืืฉืชืขืฉืขื ืืืืจืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื. ืืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืื ืืืืืชืืืื ืืืชืื.
ืืืืื ื ืคืืง ืงืื ืืืืงืืืื, ืืืืจ ืื ืจืื ืชืงืืคืื ืคืืืฉืื ืจืืืื, ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืื ืืจืงืื ืืฆืืืจืื ืงืืื ืขื ืืฆืืืื ื, ืขืืื ืืืชืื ืฉื. ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืฉืืขื ืงื ืขื ืคื ืืืืื ืื ืจื ืืชืงืืฃ, ืืืื ืืืจื ืงืื ื' ืฉืืืจ ืืจืืื. ื ืคืื ืขื ืื ืคืืืื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืกืืื ื ืคื ืขืืืื, ืงืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืขื ืืืื. ื ืคืงื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื.
ืื ืืื ืืื ืจืื ืืืกื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืงืื ืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืื ืชืื, ืืื. ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื, ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืืจืื ืื ืกืื ืืืชืื ืขืืืื ืงื ืขืืจืชืื, ืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืชื, ืืืืื ื ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืข ืืงื ืืฉืืจ ืืื ืชืจืื ืขืืจืื, ืขื ืืื ืืื ืกืื, ืืืขืืจื ืืื. ืืืื, ืืืจืื ืื ืงื"ื ืืื. ืชื, ืืืืื ื ืื ืคืืืื ืืฉื ืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืกื ืืืืช ืืืจืชืื, ืืืื ืขืืืฃ ืื ืืื. ืืชื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืฉืื ืจืืฉื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืื ืืกื ืขืืืื.
ืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืื. ืืืจ, ื' ืฉืืขืชื ืฉืืขื ืืจืืชื. ืืื ืงืจื ืืืงืืง ืืืจ, ืืฉืขืชื ืืืื ืืืชืชืื, ืืืชืงืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืืฉืข. ืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืงืืง. ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืขืช ืืื ืืช ืืืืงืช ืื. ืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืื. ืืชืจืื ืืืืงืื ืืื, ืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืฉืข. ืืืชืื ืืืฉื ืคืื ืขื ืคืื.
ืืฉืืื ื ืืกืคืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืื, ืฉืื ืืืืคื ืืฉืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืฉืืื, ืืืืืฃ ืขืืื ืืชืืื. ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืคื ืืืชื ืืืืืืฃ ืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืืชื ืื ืืืช, ืคืจืื ืื ืื. ืืืฉืชื ืืืืืฉืข ืืืง ืืื, ืืืืืฃ ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืชืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืฉืืื. ืืืชืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืฉืืื ืืืืคืื, ืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืฉืืชืกืจ ืืชืืื.
ืืืืื ืืชืืื ืืืืืฃ ืืจืืืื ืืืืฉืข, ืืืื ืืงืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืฉืืื, ืืงืจื ืืื ืืืงืืง. ืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืกืืจืื, ืืฉืืื ืืืืืงืื, ืืืืชืืจ, ืืืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืืืชื ืืฉืืชืกืจ ืืชืืื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื. ืืชืืื ืืชืงืืื ืืืืืจื ืจืืืื, ืืืืชืืื ืืชืงืืื ืื ืืืคืื ืขื ืงืืืืื, ืืขื ืื ืืงืจื ืืืงืืง.
ืืืืื ืืืจ ื' ืฉืืขืชื ืฉืืขื ืืจืืชื, ืฉืืขื ื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืขืืื ื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืืืื ื. ืฉืจื ืืืชืืข ืจืืืื ืขื ื ืคืฉืื ืืืืจ ื' ืคืขืื ืืขืืืช ืื ืืงืจื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื, ืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืชืงืฉืจ ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืื ืงืืืื ืืืช, ืืืื ืืชืงืฉืจื ืืื. ืืงืจื ืฉื ืื ืชืืืืข, ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืื.
ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ, ืืืฃ ืื ื ืืื ืืฉืืขื ื ืืืืื ื ืืงื"ื. ืืงืืฃ ืืืื ืขื ืจืืฉืื, ืืืืจ, ืืื ืจื ืืื ืื ื ืกืื ื ืืืจื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืชืื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืคืื ืืืคืื, ืืื ืืืื ื ืืื. ื ืคื ืขื ืื ืคืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืขืงืจ ืืืจืื, ืื ืืืจ ืฉืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืื. ืืืจ ืืื: ืจืื, ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืชืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืคื ืื, ืงืื ืงื"ื. ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืงืจื ืืจ' ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืคื ื"ืื, ืืื ืืืช ืืืจ ืื ืจืืืชื ืืืืื ืคื ืื ืื ืคื ืื.
Chapter 13
ืืจืืฉืืช, ืจืื ืืืื ืคืชื, ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืจืืช ื' ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืฉืืื ืชืืืชื ืขืืืืช ืืขื. ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื, ืืื ืงืจื ืืื ืืืขื ืืื ืกืืฃ ืืืื ืืจืืช ื', ืืืื ืืืจืืช ื' ืกืืฃ ืืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืจืืฉืืช ืืืขืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืืืชื ืขืืื, ืื"ื ืคืชืื ืื ืฉืขืจื ืฆืืง. ืื ืืฉืขืจ ืื'. ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืชืจืขื, ืื ืืืขืื ืืขืืืื. ืืืืื ืขืืื. ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื, ืืขืืื ืืื ืชืจืขืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื.
ืืืกืืฃ ืื ืชืจืขืื ืขืื ืชืจืขื ืื ืืืื ืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืคืชืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืขื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืืขื ืืืืื, ืชืจืขื ืื ืืื ืงืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืชืจืขื ืืขืื. ืืืฃ ืืื, ืชืจืขื ืงืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืจืืช ื' ืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืจืืฉืืช.
ื', ืชืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืชืืืจืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืชืจืื ื ืงืืืื, ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืื ืงืืืื ืืืชืืืื. ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืคืจืืื, ืืงืจืื ืจืืฉืืช, ืื ืืื ืชืจืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืชื ืฉืื ื' ืืืื.
ืืืื ืืงืจื ืืจืืช ื', ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืจืข, ืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ, ืื ืืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืจืข. ืืขื ืื ืฉืจื ืืืื ืืชืจ ืืจืื, ืืื ืชืจืขื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื. ืฉืื ืืื, ืืืื ืชืจืื ืชืจืขืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื. ืจ' ืืืกื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื, ืื ืืืื ื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืจืข ืืื. ืืขื ืืื ืฉืจืื ืืื ืจืข, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืจืข.
ืืื ืขืืฉืืื, ืืืื ืืกืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื, ืชืืืื ืืืจืืืชื, ืืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืขืืืื. ืื ืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืช ืืื ืขืฉืื ืืขืื ืืืขืื ืื. ืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืขืฉืื, ืืืืืื ืื ืืชืื ืชืืืชื ืขืืืืช ืืขื, ืืงืืืื ืืืจืกืืื ืขื ืงืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช.
Chapter 14
ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืืขื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืืจืช ืืืขืื, ืืชื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืฆืืจืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืคื ืืืขืื, ืืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืืื ืขืื ืืชืงืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืชืงื ืช, ืืืืขื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืชืืจื ืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืืืื, ืืืืืจืฉืืช ืืงืจืื, ืืืจืื ืืืืืชื. ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืชืืงืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืฉืืืื. ืืืืื ืืขืืืืชืื ืขืืืช ืืงืืืืช ืขื ืจืืฉืืืื, ืืืชืชืงื ืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืืืช ืืืืคื ืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืงืจืื ืื ื ืืืคืชื. ืืืืื ืืขืืืช ืืืืคืชื, ืงื"ื ืฉืืื ืขืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื, ืืืขืืจ ืืื ืืขืืจืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืงืืื.
ืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืจื ื ืื ืืจื ื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืืฉื ืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืืจืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื: ืื ื, ืืืื ืืืืงืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืชืขืื ืืื ืืืืคื ืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืงื ืื ืชืงืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืจืฉืืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืกืคืจื ืืืืจื ืื, ืืงื"ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืจืื ืืขืืื ืขืืื.
ืคืชื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืื', ืงืจื ืื ืื ืืืงืืื ื ืืื. ืืื ืืืื ื ืื, ืืืื ืืชืขืจื ืืืืขื ืืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืืจ, ืืชืชืงื ืช ืืืชื ืืืจืช ืืงืืฉืืืื, ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืช ืขืืืื.
ืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืืกืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืืื ืืชืื ืฉืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืชืงืื ื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืชืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืขืื, ืื ืืชืื, ืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืืืื ืื. ืืฉืืื, ืื ืืชื ืืขืื ืืืืคื. ืืกืคืจืื, ืื ืืจืื ืืืืืจื ืืกืคืืจ, ืื ืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืกืืืคื ืขืืื ืืขื ืกืืืคื ืขืืื.
ืืืื ืื, ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืงืจื ืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืฉืชื ืืงืจื ืื, ืืืฉืชื, ืืื ืขืืืช ืืืืคื, ืืงืจื ืืืื, ืืืงืจื ืื, ืืงืจ ืขื ืืงืจ. ื ืืืจื ืขื ื ืืืจื, ืืฉืืื ื ืขื ืฉืืื ื.
ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื, ืืฉืืื ืขืื ืืืืคื ืืืชื ืื ืืืจ ืื, ืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืื ืืืชืงืื ื ืื, ืืืื ืืชืคืจืฉื ืืฉืืื ืชืื, ืื"ื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืงืืข. ืืขืฉื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืงืืืื ืืืจืืช, ืืงืจืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื, ืื"ื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืื, ืื ืืจืืช ืงืืืื ืืืชืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืจ ื ืฉ.
ืจื ืืื ืื ื ืกืื ืืืจ ืืื, ืื ืชืชื ืืช ืคืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืคืืืื, ืืืืชื ืืืจืืืจื ืืืฉื, ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืงืืฉ ืืืชืื ืืื ืืจืืช ืงืืืฉื. ืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืื ื, ืืืืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืืื ื ืืื"ื ืฉืืื, ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืงืืื ืขื ืคืชืื ืืืืื ื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืจื ืืจืืช ืงืืืฉื, ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืช ืืื ืจืฉื ืืืงืจื ืืื.
ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืขืชื ืืืืจืข ืืื ืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืขืชื ืกืืืง ืืื"ื ืงืื ืงื"ื. ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืจื ืืขืืื ืืชืื ืืชืืจื, ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืื ืืฃ ืืช ืืฉืช ืืืฉ, ืืืชืื ืืื ืืฉืช ืขืืืชื ืืื', ืืื ืืงืืงื ืืจืืช ืืขืจืื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืงื"ื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืจืืช ืงืืืฉื ืขื ืชืงืื ืื ืงืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืงืืื ืืืืืื ืช ืืื ืืช ืฉืืข ืืืืื ืืืชืืจื ืขืืื.
ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืงืื ืืื, ืงืืื ืื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืชื ืืืืชืจื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืงืจืื, ืื ืขืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืคืืจ ืืื ืืื ืชืชืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืชืืช ืืจืื ืืื ืืืจืื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืื, ืืืชืจ ืืืืืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืืจืช, ืืืื ืงืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืงืจืื ืื ืืขืืืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืกืืืืชื, ืืชืื ืืืจืื, ืืืชืื ืืืจืืื, ืฉืื ืืชืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืขืืืื.
ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืจื ืืขืืื, ืื ืื ืืืืจืืช, ืื ืงืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื, ืงืืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืชืืช ืืจืื, ืืชื ืื ืืืข ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืจ ืื ืืื ืืคืงืื ืขืืื ืืฉืืฉื ืืื ืชืชืื, ืืืชืื ืจื ืืืืชื ืืจืืฅ ืจืืืื.
ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืข, ืืื ืืชืืจ ืืชืืช ืืจืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืืจืืข ืืจืื ืืื, ืืืื ืชื ืื ื ืืืืฉื ืืขืฉืจืื ืื ืืกื ืืขืืจ ืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉืืขื ืืืืื ืืกืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืขื ืืื ื ืขืืื: ืกืืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืชืื ืฉื. ืืืืจืืขื ืืขืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืข, ืืืืืื ืืืคืืจื ืืื ืืื ืงื"ื ืืืื ืืืื. ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืื' ืืืืจ ืืขืืจ ืืจืืื, ืืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืืกืจ ืืืืืจ, ืืืืืืกืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืข, ืืืืืื ืืืคืืจื ืืชืืฉืจ ืื ืื' ืืขืืืจ ืืืืชื ืื ืชืืืช. ืืื ืื ืชืืืช, ืื ืชืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื.
ืืืจ ืืืื: ืืืจื ืืขืืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืช ืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืคืชื ืคืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ื' ืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืฉ ืืขืืฉื ืืืช, ืืืืื ืื ืื ืคืฉืื. ืืจืื ืืื ืืืช ืื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืช ืื ืจืฉื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืชื ืื', ืืืข"ื ืืื ืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื, ืขืื ืฉื ืืชืืืช ืขืืื, ืืงืื. ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื"ื ืืืชืจืื ืืคืื ื ืคืฉ.
ืืขื ืื ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืื' ืขืืจืชื ืื ืืืขื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ื ืคืฉื. ืืืื ื' ืขืืจืชื ืื, ืืืื ืืคืืืจืืคื ืืืื. ืืืขื ืฉืื ื ืืื', ืืื ืืืขื, ืืืืื ืืงืืง. ืืฉืืขืืจื ืืืืช ืืื ื ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื, ืืืืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืืช ืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ื ืคืฉื.
ืืื"ื ืืขื ืืืกืชืืจื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืื ืฆื ืืื ืงื"ื ืืืื ื. ืืื ืืงืฆืืฃ ืืืืืื ืขื ืงืืื, ืขื ืืืื ืงืื ืืืืื ืืืจ. ืืืื ืืช ืืขืฉื ืืืื, ืื ืืฉืจ ืงืืฉ ืืจืืช ืงืืืฉื ืืคืืื ืืืชืืฉื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืื ืืืืื.
ืืื"ื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืงืืข, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืื ืืืชืืืจื ืืืื ืื. ืืืืจื ืงืืืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืจืฉืื ืื ืื ืืื. ืืื ืืจืงืืข. ืื ืืืื ืืจืงืืข ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืกืคืจ ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืฉืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืขืื ืจืขืืชืืื ืชืืืจ.
ืืื ืืืื ืืืืข ืืืืจ, ืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืืื, ืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืืจืื. ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืข ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืื. ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืจืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืื, ืืฉืื ืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืขืช ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื, ืืืฉืืืื ืกืื ืืชืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืจืืืืื.
ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืจ ืืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืื ืืฉืชืืขื ืงืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืื ืืขื ืืืฉืืข ืืื. ืืื ืื ื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆื ืงืื. ืขืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืืจื ืขืืื ืืืืืจื ืชืชืื. ืืืืื ืืชืขืืืื ืจืงืืขืื, ืืืืืื ืืจืฅ ืืืืื ืชืืฉืืืชื. ืืื ืชืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืื. ืืฉืืื ืืขืืื, ืืงืฆื ืชืื ืืืืื.
ืืืืื ืืืชืขืืืื ืจืงืืขืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืื, ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืงืืืฉื ืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืืื, ืืืชืขืืจ ืืื.
ืืืื ืืฉืจื ืืืื ืื ืจืงืืขืื ืืืชืขืืจ ืืื, ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืฆื ืืืคืชื, ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืื ืื ืจืงืืขืื, ื ืคืง ืื ืืืื, ืืขืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจื, ืืืชืจ ืืืจื. ืืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืืฆืื, ืืืื ืืขืืื ืขืืื, ื ืคืืง ืืืชืื, ืืืืื ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืื. ืืชืงืืคืชื, ืืื ืชืงืืคืชื, ืื ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืชืชื ืืืืื ืชืงืืคืช ืืฉื ื ืืืกืืจื ืืื ืกืืืคืื. ืืืชืงืฉืจืช ืื ืืฉืืื ืขื ืจืงืืขื ืื.
ืืืื ื ืกืชืจ ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืชืงืืคื ืื, ืืชืงืืคื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืกืืจ ืืื ืกืืจื, ืืืื ื ืกืชืจ, ืืืช ืืืชืืกื ืื ืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืชืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืชืืกื ืืื ืื. ืืืืชื, ืืฉืขืชื ืืืชืืื, ืืชื ืืืืืืื ืืชืืืืชื ืฉืืื. ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืชืืจืช ื' ืชืืืื.
ืฉืืช ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืืื ื', ืืฉืืช ืงืจืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืขื ืชืืจืช ืื' ืชืืืื, ืืขื ืจืื ืื ืืชืื ืืจืืฉืืช, ืื ืฉืืช ืืชืืื. ืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืช ืืืจืฅ, ืื ืฉืืช ืชืืืื. ืงืจืื ืืืจื ืื ืืงืื ืฉืืช ืืื ืื ื', ืฉืืช ืงืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืช ืืชืืื ืืืื, ืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืช ืชืืื ืืืื.
ืขื ืืืื ืืชืื, ืขืืื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื ืืจืื ืืื, ืืืจ ืืื: ืืืื ืื ืคื ืฉืืื ืชื ืืชืืื, ืืขื ืื ืคื ื"ืื ืงืจืื ื ืืื, ืืื ืืืืชืื ืื ืคื ืฉืืื ืชื ืืคืื ืืืคืื, ืืืฉืชื ืืงื ืืืขืชืื ืืืื ืืื ืงืจื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืข, ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืชืืงื ืงืืืฉื ืืืื, ืืงืจื ืืืืชืจืื, ืืืืื ืืกืชืื ืืืื ืืืจื.
ืืืื ืงืจื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืจื ืืืืื ื ืื. ืคืชื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืืฉ ืืืฆืจื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืื, ืืืื ืจืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืฆืจื ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืข, ืืืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืขืื ื ืขืืื ืืื', ืจื ืืืงืืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืกืื.
ืืืื ืงืจื ืืืชืืืชื ืขืืื ืืชืืจ, ืืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืื, ืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืช ืืชืืืื. ืืืชืื ืืืืืชื ืืืืฅ ืืขืืจ, ืืืชืื ืื ืชืขืฉื ืขืื ืืืฉืคื ืืืื, ืืขื ืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืื, ืืืื ืืจืืื ืืกืืืคื ืขืืื ืืขื ืกืืืคื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืื ืืื. ืืื ืชืืื, ืื ืืชืื ืืืฉ ืืืื. ืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืกืืืคื ืขืืื ืขื ืกืืืคื ืขืืื ืืื.
ืืืื ืืืฆืจื ืื ืืช, ืื"ื ืืื ืืจ ืืืจืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืงืืง ืืฉืื ืืืืคื ืืคืจืฉ, ืื ืืืจื ืืฆืจืืคื ืืชืืื, ืืืื ืืืืฃ ืืฆืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืืืื, ืืืงืจื ืืืจื, ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืื', ืืจืฉ ืืืฉื ืืจืืงื ืืื'. ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืืืืคื ืืื ืกืืจืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืื ืืคืจืฉ ืืืจืืขืื ืืชืจืื ืืืื ื. ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืจ, ืืืื ืืืืงืื.
ืชืืื ืืงืจืื ืชืืื, ืื ืืืฉ ืชืงืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืชืชืฃ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืืชืชื ืื ืืืื ืฉืชื, ืืืคืืง ืฉืชื ืืฉืื. ืขืืืืื ืืชืื ืืื ื ืืืื ื' ืกืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืฆื ืืขืื ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืื'.
Chapter 15
ืคืชื ืจ"ืฉ ืืืืจ, ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืืื. ืืื ืงืจื ืืืช ืืืกืชืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืช ืืืื ืืืจื ืืฉืชืฆื ืืขืืืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ ืืื ื ืชืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืงื ืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืืจืขื ืืื ืชืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืจื ืืจ ืงืืืฉื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืืื.
ืืืื ืงืจื ืืืื ืชืจืืื, ืืจ ืืืื ืืกืืฃ ืงืจื. ืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืื ื ืืงืงืื ืืชืจืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืืืขื ืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉื ื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืื ืืืฉืืขืื ืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืืืื ื ืืงืงืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืชืื ืชืจืืื, ืืื ื ืืงืงืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืื ืืงื ืืื ืื"ื ืืืืืฉื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืงืจื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืงืจืื, ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืื ืขืืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืงื.
ืืืจืงื, ืืืจืขื ืืืขื ืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืงื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืข ืืจืขืื ืืืชืชื, ืืืืืื ืืชืจ ืืืช ืื ื ืื ืื ืืงืื, ืืืชืจ ืืืชืชืจื ืืขื ืืคื ืืจืขื ื ืืืช ืืชืื ืืขืืื ืชืืืืืช, ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืชืื, ืืื ืืืข ืืืื. ืืืืื ืืจืขื ืืคืืื ืืืชืืคื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืจื.
ืืืืช ืชืื ืชืจืื ืืื ื ืฉืืืืื ืื ืฉืืืื, ืื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจื, ืืชืื ืงืืจืืื ืื ืืื, ืืฉืขืชื ืื ืืืช ืืชืื ืงืื, ืืฉืชืชืคื ืื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืชืืืืืช ืืงืื. ืืขื ืื ืืื ืื ืืชืจืื ืจืืฉืื, ืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืจื ืฉืืื, ื ืฆื ืืืืื ืื ืฆื ืขื ืืืจื. ืืขื ืื ืืชืืืืื ืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื.
ืืื ืื ืชืจืื ืืื ื, ืขืคืจืืจื ืืงืกืืืืื, ืืืืืงื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืงื ื ืืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืืฉืืช ืืืคืื. ืื ืืืืงื ื ืืชืืจ"ื, ืืื ืืืืงื ื ืื ืฉืจื. ืืื ืืชืืืจื, ืืชืขืืืื ืืืืงื ื ืืืื.
ืื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืชืืคืืื ืืืืืงื ื ืื ืืฉ ืืชืจืื ืจืืฉืื, ืืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืกืื ืื ืชืืืื, ืืืกืชืืืื ืืืื ืจืื. ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืฉืืื ืืขื"ื ืืขืื"ื ืืจืืืืื ืืื ืืืชืขืจื ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืฉืืื, ืืืฉืื ืืงืืืฉื ืืจืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืชืืข ืืื ืืื ื.
ืืืืื ืชืจืื ืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืจืื, ืืคืจืืื ืืชืื, ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ื ืขืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืขื ืืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืงืืืืื, ืืืฉืืื ืืืงืจื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืชืื ืืืคืื ืคืจืกืื, ืืืชืขืืืืช ืืืื ืฆืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ื ื ืฉื, ืืืื ืืืืขืื ืื ื ื ืฉื ืืืชืจื.
ืืืืื ืชืจืื ืืื ื ืคืจืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืขืืื, ืืืืืจื ืืืชืจืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืชืขืจืื ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืงืื ืืจืืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืฉืื, ืืืขืื ืชืืืืืช.
ืฉืืื ืืฉืืืื ืชืื ืืื ืืื ื. ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืจืขื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืืขื ืืืฆืื ืืื ื, ืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืื. ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืงื ืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืืจืขื ืขืืื ืืชืื, ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ื ื ืฉื ืืืกืชืืื ืืืงืจื ืืืืื. ืืขื ืื ืืืืื ืืืจืขื ืืื ืชืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืชืขืืืื ืืฉืื ืืื"ื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ.
ืืขื ืื ืืื ืงืจื ืชืจืืื, ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืืงืืจืื ืื. ืืขื ืื ืจืื ืืื"ื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืืืื ืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืื ืืชืืืฃ ืืชืจืืื.
Chapter 16
ืืืจ ืืื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ, ืืื ืงืจื ืืืชืื ืื ืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืชื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืืื: ืืืขืืจ ืืจื, ืืื ืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืชืืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื, ืืื ืืชื ืืืคืชื ืคืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืฉืืื ืืงื"ื ืื ืืืข ืืจืืืจืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืืขื ืฉืืืชื ืืืืื. ืืืื ื ืืื ืืชื ืคืืืืกืืคื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืืื, ืืืจ ืื, ืืชืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืืื ืื ืืืืงื ืืื ืืืขื ืืชืจ ืืืืื. ืืื ืงืจื ืื ืืกืื ืืงืจืื ืื ืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืฉืงืืื ืื ืืื ื ื ืฉื ืื ืืืช ืืื ืงืืืื.
ืืชื, ืืืชืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืงื ื ืืื ืขืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืฉื. ืืืฉืจืื ืื ืงื, ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืงื. ืืืฃ ืืื, ืื ื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืช. ืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืชืื, ืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืฉืืืื. ืืกืชืื ืืงืจื, ืืชืฉืื ืืืืืงื ื ืืืงื ืืืืช.
ืืืื ื ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืคืืจ ืงื ืืืจืช. ืืื ืืืื ืืชืื, ืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืืืื, ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืืฉืข, ืืืืื ืืชืืื. ืืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืืืื, ืืชื ืืืืื, ืืื ืข ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืื ืืฆืืืชืื. ืืื ืขืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืขื, ืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืืืื, ืืชื ืืืจืื, ืืืชืงืืืื ืืงืืืืืื ืืืื ืื.
ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืื ืงื"ื, ืืชื ืืืืฉืข, ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืคืงืื ืืื ืืืงืื ืขื ืงืืืืื ืืืฉืชืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืจื ืขืื. ืงื"ื ืืืืจ ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืชืงืืืื. ืืชื, ืืงื"ื ืืืืจ ืืืจืื, ืืฆืืืงืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืฆืืืง ืืืฉื ืืจืืช ืืืืื. ืืชื ืืืืื ืคืงืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืฉ, ืืืชืืื ืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืคืืืืกืืคื ืืืชืืืืจ ืืืคืจ ืฉืืืื, ืืงืจืื ืืื ืืืกื ืงืืื ืื. ืืืืืืฃ ืืืจืืืชื ืกืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืจ.
ืืฉืชื ืืืช ืืืกืชืืื ืืงืจื, ืืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืื. ืืื ืจืืืื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื. ืืื ืืื ืืชืจ, ืงื"ื ืืขื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืชืงืจื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืื ืืขืืจืื. ืืืชืื ืื ืืืจ ืื' ืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื. ืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื, ืคืืจืื ืืืจื ืืืช ืื ืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืขืืืืื ืืืืืืืืื, ืืขืื ื ืื ืฉืืื.
ืืชื ืงืจื ืืืืจ, ืื ืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืจืืื ืืื ืืืืืงืื ืืื ืืืืขืื ืืืื ืจืขืืชืื. ืื ืื ืืืชื, ืืืืื ืื ื ืืขืืื ืืชืชื. ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืจืืจืื ืื ืืื ื ืขืืืืื. ืืืื ืืืืืชื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืืื, ืืื ืืจืืข ืืืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืช ืืขืืื, ืืฉืืืื ืืจืขืืชืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืจ ืขืืื. ืืขื ืื ืื, ืืืช ืืื ืืืขืื ืืคืืื ืืื ืืขืืจื, ืืื ืืื ืืคืงืื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืฆืืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืจื ืืจืขื. ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืจืืจืื ืืืขืืื, ืืืืืชื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืืืืชื, ืืืืืชื ืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ. ืืื ืืื ืงืจื ืืคืฉืืื.
ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืชื. ืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืกืคืจื ืงืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืฉืจืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืข"ื ืืืชืคืงืื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืืื, ืืคืงืื ืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืขืืืืชื, ืืื ืืื ืืืขืืื ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืช ืจืฉืื ืืขืืืืื, ืืืช ืจืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื', ืืื ืืื ืกืชืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืขืืื ืืชืชื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ. ืืื ืืื ืื ืชืื ืืืืืืืื ืื ืืืขืืื. ืืงื"ื ืืชืื, ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืืื ืืื', ืืืืืืชื ืืชืื ืืืืจืฅ ืืืชื ืชืื ืืืื.
ื"ืจ ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืื, ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืงืฉื ืงืฉืืื ืื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื. ืืืขืืจ: ืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืกืชืื, ืื ืืขืื ืืืืคื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืจืื ืืฉืืืื, ืืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืงืืืื ืงืืื.
Chapter 17
ืคืชื ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืืืจ ืื ืืืช ืขืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื', ืื ืืืช, ืืืื ืืชืจืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืชืจืื ืขืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืงืฉืืจื ืืื, ืขืืื, ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืงืืฉ ืงืืฉืื, ืืื ืงืืฉ ืงืืฉืื ื"ื, ืืืชืืืจื ืืื"ืช, ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืงืืฉ ืงืืฉืื. "ืื ืืืืืจ", ืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืชื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืขื ืืืืคื.
ืชื, ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืขืืื, ืื"ื ืืืืืจื ื ืืื. ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืฉื ืืฉืคืืื, ืืืื ืขืืื. ืืชื ืื ื, ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฆืจืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืืจ ืืื, ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืืืืจ, ืืืืืจื, ืื"ื ืืืืืจื ื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืืืืจ, ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืคืืื ืืืื ืกืืงื, ืืขืืืช ืืื ืืืคื ืืืื, ืืืืชืจ ืืืืืจื, ื ืืชื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืจืืฉืืืื ืืขืื ืงืืืฉื.
ืืื ืกืืงื ืืืืืจื, ืืื ืืฉืืจืืชื, ืื ื"ื ืงืืื ืืฆืคืจื, ืืืช ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืจืื, ืืฉืขืชื ืืคืงื ืขืื ืื, ืืื ืืืจื, ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืกืืื ืงืืืื, ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืงืืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืืชืขืจื ืืืืืื, ืืกืื ืืืืืื, ืืงืืืื ืืืขืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืจืื ืขื ืงืจืืืชื. ืชืจื ืืืื ืงืจื, ืืืืื ืคืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืฉ, ืืืืื ืงื"ื ืืฉืชืื ืขื ืฆืืืงืืื ืืื ืชื ืืขืื, ืืืกืืจ ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืกืืืืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืฉืขืชื.
ืืืื ืืืฉืขืชื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ื ืืื, ืจืืืื ืคืจืื ืืื ืื, ืืืฉืขืชื ืืจืืืื ืคืจืื ืืื ืื, ืจืืื ืืกืืื ืืืื, ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืืื, ืืืกืื ืืื, ืืืกืืจ ืืืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืื. ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืื, ืื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืคืจื ืจืืืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืฉืจืื ืขืืื ืจืืื ืืกืืื, ืืื ืขืื ืืืืช ืืืกื, ืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืงืจื ืืชืืจื ืืคืืื ืืื ืืื, ืขื ืืืกืื ืืืื. ืืื ืชืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืืืืื ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืชืืืืื.
ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืงืจื ืืืืจืืืื, ืืื ืืืขื ืขื ืื ืงืืืื ืขืืื. ืจืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืช ืืืกื ืืขืืื, ืืฉืจืื ืชืื, ืืืชืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืคื, ืืืื ืฉืจื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืฆืืขื ืืืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ.
Chapter 18
ืคืชื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ, ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืงืื ืืงื"ื, ืืืื ืจืข ืขืื ืฉืื ืฉืื ื ืืืชื ืืงื ืืงืืจื ืืื, ืืกืืืง ืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ืขืงื ืขื ืขืงื ืืกืื ืืื.
ืืืืงืื ืืงื"ื, ืืืืื ืืืกืื ื ืืคืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืขืื. ืืืื ืืงื"ื ืืืืืืื ืืืื, ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืืืจืื ืืืืื, ืืขืื ืขืืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืขืืืืื. ืกืืืง ืืขืืื ืืืจืื ืขืืื.
ืืชืื ืื ื ืืชืืืชื ืงืืื, ืืืืจื ืจืืื ืขืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืงืจืืืช. ืืชืืืืืื ืจืืื ืขื ืื ื. ืืืจ ืืื: ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืขืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืก"ื, ืืืชืื ืืืจืชื ืขืืื ืืกื ืืื ื, ืืขืืื ืขื ืื ืงืืืื. ืืืจื ืงืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืจืืื ืขืืื, ืื ืคืื ืื ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืขื ืืกืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื. ืืชื ืืืื ืืงืืจืื ืืชืืข ืจืฉื, ืืจืืฃ ืืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ.
ืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื, ืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืืื. ืืืืื ืืขืื ืืฉืชืืื, ืื ืืชืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืขืฉ ืืืจืื ืืฉืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืฆืืง. ืขืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืชืืื, ืืงืจื ืืื ืจืืจืื ืืจื ืืืืื ืกืขืืืชื. ืืชื ืื ื, ืืื ืกืขืืืชื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืงืืจืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืื ืืืื ื"ื ืืงืืื ืืืื ืืืกืื ื, ืืืกืื ื ืืืืชื, ืืืื ืืงืืจืื ืืชืคืจืฉ ืืืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืขืื ืชืื, ืืื ืืื, ืขืื ืชืื, ืืืื ืขืจืืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืกืื ื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืืงืืื ืืืกืื ื, ืกืืืง ืืขืืื ืืืงืืจืื ืขืืื.
ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืืจืื ืืจื, ื ืืช ืืงืืจืื ืืงื ืขื ืคืชืื ืืืืื ื ืืืกืื ื, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื. ืืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืจืืจืืื. ืฉืจื ืืื ืืงืช ืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช. ืืื ืืืจื ืืกืืคื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืงื ืืืชืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืื ืืชืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื, ืื ืืืช ืืื ืฉืจื ืืืื ืืงืช ืืื ืงืืืืื. ืื"ื ืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืงื ืื ืื ืฉืจื, ืื ืื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืืงืืจืื ืขื ืคืชืื. ืืืจื ืฆืืืง ืขืฉื ืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืกืืืง ืืืื ืืงืืจืื ืงืื ืงื"ื, ืืืืจ ืืื ืจืืื ืขืืื, ืืช ืืืจืช ืืืจืื ืืืืื, ืขืื ืกืขืืืชื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืกืื ื, ืืื ืงืจืื ืงืืื ืืคืืื ืืื ื ืื. ืืชื, ืืืจืช ืฉืจื ืืืืืืช ืื.
ืืืจ ืืื ืงื"ื, ืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืจืื. ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืขื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืคืงืื ืงื"ื ืืืงืจื ืืืฆืืง ืงืจืื ื, ืืืชืืืจ ืขื ืฉืจื ืืชืืืช ืขื ืฆืขืจื ืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืฆืขืจื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืกืื ื.
Chapter 19
ืคืชื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืกื ืืืงืืื ืคื ืื ืื ืืงืืจ ืืืชืคืื ืื ื', ืช"ื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืชืงืืคื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืขื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืชืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืชืชืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืขืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืฃ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืชืืืืฃ ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืงืฉืื, ืชืืืืฃ ืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืงืืื ืืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจื, ืืืคืืื ืืชืืืจ ืขืืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืืืจื, ืืื ืืชืืื ืืืกืชืืง ืื ืื ืืื ืฉืจืื ืขืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืื ืขืืื. ืืืืื ืื, ืืขื ืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืื ื, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืื ื ืืืืจืืืชื ืื ืืชืคืจืฉ ืืื ื ืืืื ืืชืคืจืฉ ืืืืื ื ืืืื.
ืช"ื ืขืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืื ืืืื ืกืืืง ืืืืืื ืขื ืขืจืกืื ืืขื ืืงืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืืงืืื ืืืืกืจ ืงืืื ืคืงืืื ื ืื ืคืฉืื, ืืืื ืืฉืชืืื ืืื ืืจืขืื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืจืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืขืืื.
ืืืฆืคืจื, ืงื ืืขืจืกืื, ืืขื ืืืจืื ืืืืจืื, ืืืืืขื ืืืืชืื ืืืืกืื ืงืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืกืืื, ืืืชืจ ืื ืืฆืื ืฆืืืชืื, ืืืกื ืขืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืืชืื ืืื ื ืืจื ืืกืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืฉื ืืืจืืชื.
ืืื ืืืงืืื, ืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืชื, ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืงืืืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืฆืืง ืืืขืงื, ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืชืงืื ื ืฆืืืชื ืืงืื ืงื"ื. ืื"ื, ืืื ื ืืจืื ืืกืื ืืืื ืืืชื, ืื ืืืจืื, ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืฉื, ืื ืืฆืืง. ืืืจืืชื, ืื ืืขืงื. ืืืขื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉื, ืืืชืจ ืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืชื, ืืืฆืื ืฆืืืชืื, ืืืื ืืชืื, ืืืืืจ ืื ืขืืื ืืชื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืชืคืืจ.
Chapter 20
ืจืื ืคืื ืืก ืืื ืฉืืื ืงืื ืืจืื ืจืืืืื ืืืืฃ ืืื ืืื ืืกืจ. ืื"ื ืจื ืืงืฉืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืื, ืืขืื ืื ืืกืชืืงื ืืืืืื. ืืืจ ืืจืื ืคืื ืืก, ืืืื ืฉืืขื ื ืืืืืื ืืืจื ื ืืืช ืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืื ืืื, ืืืกืชืืืืช ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืจืืืืช, ื ืคืงื ืื ืืืจื ืืฉืืฉื ืื ืจืชืงื, ืื ืืจื ืื ืขืืื.
ืืืืื ื ืืืจื ืงืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจืขื, ืื ืืืจ ืื ืขืืื, ืขื ืืืชืื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื, ืืืชืื ืขื ืืจืกืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืชื, ืืื ืืืจื ืืืชืืืื ืืืืชื, ื ืคืืง ื ืืืจื ืืงืืง ืืืขืืจ, ืื ืคืืง ืืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืืืงื. ืคืืง ืืจื ืคืืง, ืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืจืืืืช ืื ืืืจ ืขืืื, ืืื ืฉืขืชื ืงืืืื ืื.
ื ืคืง ืืงืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืชืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืื ืชืจืื ืฆืคืจืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืืืกืื ืขื ืืื, ืจืื ืืื ืงืื ืืืืจ, ืฆืคืจืื ืฆืคืจืื ืืืชืื ืืืกืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืชืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืชืื, ืืฉืชืื ืคืืจืชื ืืืจ ืฆืคืจืื ืฆืคืจืื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืื. ืคืจืื ืืืืืื, ืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื.
ืขื ืื ืคืง, ืื ืืื ืื ืฆืคืจืื ืืชืืื, ืืืคืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืคืชืงื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืจ ืืืืื ื ืคืง ืื ืืขืจืชื, ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืจืื. ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืฉื ืื, ืืืืคืื ืืืื ืืืืืื. ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืืืืชืื ืืื. ืืืจ, ืืืื ืืืืงื ืืืืืช ืื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืื. ืคืชื ืจ"ืฉ ืืคืงืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืืืจ, ืคืงืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืืื ืงื"ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืจื ืืื ืืชืืื.
Chapter 21
ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืคืงืืื ืงืืืื ืืืื ืืืงืจื ืคืงืืื ืื ืืจืืช ื', ืืืงืจื ืจืืฉืืช, ืืืชืื ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืจืืช ื'. ืืจืืช ื' ืจืืฉืืช ืืขืช. ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืจืืฉืืช ืืงืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืชืจืขื ืืืขืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชื, ืืขื ืคืงืืื ืื ืืชืงืืื ืื ืขืืื.
ืืจืื ืืชืคืจืฉ ืืชืืช ืกืืจืื, ืชืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืขืงืจื ืืืงื ืืืืช, ืืื ืขืงืจื ืืืจืื: ืืืช ื"ื ืืืืื ืืงื"ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืชืื, ืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืืคืื ืื ืืืืื ืื, ืืข"ื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืืจ. ืืฉืชืื ืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืงื"ื, ืื ืฉืื ืืขืงืจื. ืืืืช ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืงื"ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืืื ื. ืชืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืงืจื ืืืจืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืฉื ืืืืื.
ืืจื"ื ืืืืื ืขืงืจื, ืืืืื ื"ื ืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืจื ืืฉืืื ืขืงืจื ืืฉืจืฉื ืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืื. ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืืื ืืืืจื ืืจืขื ืืื ืืฉืืืื. ืืืฉืืื ืจืขืืชืื ืืืืื ืืชืจ ืืืงืจื ืืจืื.
ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืื. ืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืคืืืื ืืืืจืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืื ืื. ืืืชืจ ืืืจืื ืงืืืฉื ืฉืจื, ืืืจืข ืืืช ืืจืื ืจืขื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืืงืืจื, ืืืืื ืจืฆืืขื ืืืืงืื ืืืืืื.
ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืืืงืืืชื ืืงืืจืืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืื ืฉืจืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืืจืืช ื' ืืืงืจื ืืจืืช ื' ืืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืฉืจืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืจืื ืจืขื, ืืืฉืชืื ืืฉืจืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืจืฆืืขื ืืจืื ืจืขื, ืืื ืืจืืช ื'.
ืืื"ื, ืืชืจ ืืืงืจื ืืจืืช ื' ืจืืฉืืช ืืขืช ืืงืจื, ืืข"ื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืคืงืืื ืื, ืืื ืขืงืจื ืืืกืืื ืืื ืฉืืจ ืคืงืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื. ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืจืื ื ืืืจ ืืื. ืื ื ืืืจ ืืจืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืคืงืืื ืืืจืืืชื, ืืื ืื ืชืจืขื ืืืื.
ืืื"ื ืืชืื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืจืื, ืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืช ืืืจืฅ. ืืืื ืืขืืจ ืขื ืื ืขืืจ ืขื ืคืงืืื ืืืืจืืืชื. ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืขืืจ ืขื ืื, ืืื ืจืฆืืขื ืจืขื ืืืงื ืืื. ืืืืื ื ืืืืจืฅ ืืืชื ืชืื ืืืื, ืืืฉื ืขื ืคื ื ืชืืื, ืืจืื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืื ื' ืขืื ืฉืื ืืืขื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืืืื.
ืชืื ืื ืื ืง, ืืืชืื ืงื ืชืื ืืื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืกืงืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืงืขืื ืื ืชืืืื ืจืื ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืืืืื. ืืืฉื ืื ืฉืจืืคื, ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืช ืืงืื ืืชืื ืืืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืขืจ ืืืฉ ืขื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉื ืื'. ืืื ืืฉื ืชืงืืคื ืืขื ืจืืฉืืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืจื ืืืืงืื ืืื.
ืืจืื, ืื ืืจื ืืกืืืฃ, ืจืื ืกืขืจื ืืจืื ืืฉื ื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื. ืื"ื ืืืช ืืื ืืืจื ืืืชืืคืืช, ืืืงืจื ืจืื. ืืื ืขืื ืฉื, ืืืื ืืืขืืจ ืขื ืคืงืืื ืืืจืืืชื, ืืืชืื ืืืชืจ ืืจืื, ืจืืฉืืช, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื, ืฉืืจ ืคืงืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื.
Chapter 22
ืคืงืืื ืชื ืืื ื, ืื ืืืื ืคืงืืื, ืืคืงืืื ืืืจืื ืืชืืืืช ืื, ืืื ื ืคืงื ืืื ื ืืขืืืื, ืืืืื ืืื"ื, ืืืจืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืืจืื ืจืืืื ืฉืืื. ืืืื ืืืื ืจืืืื ืฉืืื, ืื ืืืื ืจืื, ืืืชืื ืืชืืื ืืคื ื ืืืื ืชืืื, ืฉืืื ืืจืืืืืชื. ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจ, ืื ืจืืืื ืฉืืืืืชื ืืืงืจื ืืืื ืจืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืคืงืืื, ืืืจืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืืจืื ืืืงื ืืืืช.
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืขืืจ, ืืื, ืจืืืืชื ืืฉืืืื ืื ื ืฉืืขื ื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืจื ืงืื ืืจืื ืคืื ืืก, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืงืืื. ื"ืจ ืืืขืืจ, ืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืฉืืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื, ืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช ืืฉืืืื.
ืืขื ืื ืชื ืื ื, ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื ืืชืคืจืฉ ืืืื ืจืืืื ืืงื"ื: ืืืช ืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืขืืชืจื, ืืืจืื ืืืืืื, ืื ืื ืกืืจื ืื, ืฉืืื ืขื ืฉื ืืื, ืืจืืื ืืชืชืงื ื ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืจืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืคืืื ืืืืืจ ืขืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืืื ืืืื ื ืงืฉืื, ืืื ืฉื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืื. ืืื"ื ืจืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืขืงืจื.
ืจืืืื ืืืงืจื ืฉืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื, ืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืชืงืื ื ืืืจืืื. ืืจืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืชื ืื ื, ืืคืืื ืืื ื ืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืืื ื, ืื ืืืื ืจืืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื. ืืข"ื ืืืจ ืืืขืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช ื ืคืง ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืื, ืื ืืื ืื, ื ืคืง ืืื ื ืงืฉืื, ืืืชืืืืื ืชืจืื ืกืืจืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช.
ื ืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืฉืงืื. ืืชื ืจืื ืคืื ืืก ืื ืฉืงืื ืืืจืืื, ืืืืจ, ืืืืื ืงื"ื ืฉืืจื ื ืืื, ืื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืืงืืง, ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืชืืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืืชืจ ื ืืืจ ืื ืขืืื. ื"ืจ ืืืขืืจ, ืืืื ืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืชื ืฉื ืืจื"ื ืืื ืคืงืืืื, ื"ืฉ ืืคืงืืื ืื, ืืฆืืจืื ืืจืื ืืืชืืืงื ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืืงืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืืกืืจื ืื ืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืืืื ืขืืชืจื ืืื, ืืืจืื ืืืื, ืื ื, ืืืื ื, ืืืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืชืขืจื ืืจืื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื. ืืขื ืื ืืชืื ืืฉืจื ืืื ืืคืื ืชืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืจื"ื ืืืื"ื.
ืืืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืงืฉืื, ืืืชืขืจื ืืื ืืจืื. ืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืงืฉืื ืฉืจืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืชืขืจ ืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืงื ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืฉื ืืืื. ืืข"ื ืืชืื ืืืงืฉื ืืื ืืคืื ืืจืขื, ืืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืงืจื ืจืขื. ืืฉืชืื ืืจืื ืืืชืืืืช ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื, ืืืชืืืืืช ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืงื ืืืืช.
Chapter 23
ืคืงืืื ืชืืืชืื, ืืื ืืข ืืืืช ืืืื ืจืืจืื ืืฉืืืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช, ืืืื ืื ืฉืืช ืกืืจืื ืขืืืื ืืืืขืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืช ืชืืื ืืฉืืข ืืฉืจืื, ืืืืืื ื ืจืขืืชื ืืขืืื ืืืืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืืช ืชืืื.
ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืงืื ืืืื ืืชืืช ืืฉืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืื. ืืชืื ืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืชืืืช ืฉืืื, ืืืชืืืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืฉืืช ืกืืจืื ืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืขื ืื ืื, ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืฆืืจืื ืืงืฉืจื ืืื ืืจืื, ืืืฆืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืื"ืช ืืืื, ืืื"ืช ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืืชืื ืืชืจืื ืืืืฉื. ืืชืชืืื ืืชืชืงืฉืจ ืื"ืช ืืืืื ืืืฉื, ืืืืื ืืืืืื.
ืืืืชืจ ืืืชืงืฉืจ ืชืื ืืขืืื, ืืฆืืจืื ืืงืฉืจื ืื ืืชืชื ืืืืืืกืื ืืฉืืช ืกืืจืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืชืชื, ืืฉืืื"ื, ืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืช ืชืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืืื. ืืืื, ืื ืืืืช ืืืฉื, ืืชืขืืืืช ืืจืฅ ืืืขืื ืคืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืื ืื.
ืืืืื ื ืืืชืื, ืืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืจืฅ. ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืชื, ืืจืขื ืจืขืื ืฉืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืข"ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืชืจื ืืื ื, ืื ืืืืื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืชืชืื. ืืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืืื ืชืืฉื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉื. ืืชืชืงื ืช ืืืขืื ืคืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช.
Chapter 24
ืคืงืืื ืจืืืขืื, ืืื ืืข ืื' ืืื ืืืืืื ืื"ื ืืืืขืช ืืืื ืืืฉืืืช ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื"ื ืืื ืืืืืื. ืืืืชืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื"ื, ืืื ืืข ืืืื ืื ืื, ืืืืช ืืื ืคืจืืื.
ืืืืื ื ืจืื ืืืชืื, ืืื ืืืจืช ืืจืงืืข ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืืื ืชืจืื ืฉืืื ืื, ืืื ืคืจืืื ืืื, ืืืชืืืื ืืืจืช ืืกืจ ืืฉืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืื ืื ืื, ืืืืช ืืื ืคืจืืื. ื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืืจื ืืืช ืืื ืคืจืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืขื ื ื ืืืืจื ืืืืื, ืืขื ื ื ืืืฉืชื ืืืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืืชืชืงื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืจื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืืจืฅ.
ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืฉ ืงืืืื, ืืืจ ืืชืชื ืืืชืคืจืฉ ืืขืืื, ืืื"ื ืืจื ืื ืืืจื ืืขืืื. ืืืื ืืืฆืืจืื ืืืคืจืฉื ืืชืชื ืืืืืจื ืืขืืื, ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืชืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื, ืืืืชืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืืกืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืืคืจืฉื ืื ืืกืืจื ืืืฉื.
ืืขื ืื ืื, ืืฆืืจืื ืืื ืืข ืืืืืื ืืื"ื ืืื ืื ืืื ืคืจืืื, ืืื"ื ืืื ืืืืืื. ืืื ืื ืืข ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืฉืื ืคืจืืื, ืืคืืื ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืกืชืืง ืืขื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืชืืฉื ืืชืชื.
ืืืืื ื ืจืื ืืืชืื, ืืืื ืืืืืจืืช. ืื ืงืืืคื ืืชืจ ืืืื ืกืืงื, ืืืื ืืืจ, ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืช. ืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืชืืื, ืืืช ืืคืจืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืกืชืืง ืืชืื, ืืชืืืจื ืืชืืื ืืคืจืืื ืืืช.
ืืืืื ืืชืืื ืฉืจืืืช ืืื, ืืืจืืช ืืืฉื ืขื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืืชืื, ืืชืจื ืืืฉื ืื ืืื. ืืืืจืช ืืชืืื ืืืคืจืข, ืืฉืชืืจ ื"ื, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืช ืชื"ื ืืืืืืื, ืืืจืืช ืืืชื ืขื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืืชืื ืืชืจื.
ื"ืจ ืืืขืืจ, ืืื ืื ืืืืืคื ื ื"ื ืืฉืชืืจืช ืืืืืื, ืื"ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืชืืืจ, ืืชืืคืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืืืช ืชื"ื, ืืืชืื ืืชืงื ืืชืชื, ืืืฉืชืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืชืืืจื ืืชืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืช ืืจื, ืืื ืืืงืืื ื ืืื ืื.
Chapter 25
ืคืงืืื ืืืืฉืื, ืืชืื ืืฉืจืฆื ืืืื ืฉืจืฅ ื ืคืฉ ืืื. ืืืื ืงืจื ืืคื ืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืชืจื ืืืืืจืช ืืืืช ืืงืืืืช, ืืฉื ืืชืจืืื ืืกืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืช, ืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืช, ืืฆ"ืข ืืืช ืชืืช ืคืงืืืื: ืื ืืืืขื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืื ืืืชืขืกืงื ืืคืจืื ืืจืืื, ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืชืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืขืืจื ืืชืื ืขืจืืชื. ืืืืขื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืืฉืชืืื ืื, ืืืืคืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืชืงื ื ื ืคืฉืื ืืจืืืื.
ืืืืื ืืืจ ื ืฉ ืืชืขืกืง ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืชืชืงื ืื ืฉืืชื ืืืจื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืชืื ืฉืจืฅ ื ืคืฉ ืืื, ื ืคืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืื ืืชืขืกืง ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืช ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืงืืืฉื, ืงืืืฉื ืืืขืืื ืื ืฉืจืื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืฉืชืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืื ืจืืืฉื ืืจืืืฉ ืื, ืืื ืืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื, ืืืืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื.
ืืืชืื ืืจืื ื' ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืชืขืกืงืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืงืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืขื. ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื, ืืขืืฃ ืืขืืคืฃ ืขื ืืืจืฅ, ืืื ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืขืืื ืชื ืื ื, ืืืืื ืงื"ื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืืคืื ืื ืฉืจืื, ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืขืืื, ืืืชืื ืืงืื ื' ืืืืืคื ืื ืืขืื ืืืจ ืื ืฉืจืื.
ืืืืื ื ืืืชืื ืืขืืฃ ืืขืืคืฃ ืขื ืืืจืฅ. ืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืืงืจื ืืื, ืืฉืจืฆืื ืืืคืงืื ืจืืฉื ืื ืคืฉ ืืื, ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืชืชื. ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืืข"ื ืืืจ ืืื, ืื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืืื, ืืจืื ื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืงืจืื.
Chapter 26
ืคืงืืื ืฉืชืืชืื, ืืืชืขืกืงื ืืคืจืื ืืจืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืชืขืกืง ืืคืจืื ืืจืืื, ืืจืื ืืืืื ื ืืจ ืืืืื ื ืืืข ืชืืืจ, ืืื ืืคืกืงืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืกืืจืื, ืื ืฉืืชืื ืืืชืื ืืชืืืฉื ืื ืคืงืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื, ืืืืืื ืกืืืืื ืืชืจืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืฉืืชืื. ืื"ื ืืฉืจืฆื ืืืื ืฉืจืฅ ื ืคืฉ ืืื, ืื ืืจืืช ืงืืืื ืงืืืฉื, ื ืืจ ืื ืืื ืื ืคืืง, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืจืืืื, ืืจืืฉืื ืจืืฉื ืืจืืืื ืื ืฉืืชืื ืืืืื ืืื.
ืืืืื ืื ื ืฉืืชืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ื ืคืงื ืืื ืขืืคื ืืคืจืื ืืืืกื ืื ืขืืื, ืืื ื ืฉืืชื ื ืคืงื ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืขืืคื, ืืคืจื ืื ืคืง ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ื, ื ืคืง ืขืืื. ืืื ื ืคืงื ืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืื ืฉืืชื, ืชืจืื: ืื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืืืื. ืื ืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืจืื ืืื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืฆืื ืื. ืืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืงืืจืื ืขืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืคืื ืืก, ืชืืชื ืืื ืื ืืงืืืื ืืคืืืจืืคืกืื ืขืืื ืื"ื ืื ืืื. ืืืชืื ืื ืืฉ ืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืฅ ืืื ืื ื ืืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจื: ืื ืืฉ ืขืืื ืืืื, ืื ืื. ืืืืฅ, ืชืจื. ืืื ืื ื ืืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจื. ืื ืชืืช.
ื"ืจ ืฉืืขืื, ืืืฉ, ืืืชืื ืืชืืจ ืืืื ื ื ืืืืืจ, ืืืื ื ื ืื, ืืืืืจ ืชืจืื. ื"ื ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ื ื, ืื ืงื"ื ืืืืืืื, ืืื ืืืช ืจืฉื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืคืืจ ืงื ืืืจืช.
ืืืื ืืืชืื ืข ืืคืจืื ืืจืืื, ืืืืืื, ืืืขืืจ ืืืืงื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืงื ืื, ืืืจืื ืืืืื ื ืืจ ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืคืืื ืงืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืื ืกืืจืื. ืืขืืื ืืชืื ืืืฆืื ืืจืื ืืคืืจื ืืื ืฉืื ืืคืืฉืขืื ืื. ืื ืืืื, ืื ืืืืคื. ืื ืฉืืชืื ืื ืขืืื ืืคืจืืืื ืืื, ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืขืืื.
Chapter 27
ืคืงืืื ืฉืืืขืื ืืืืืจ ืืชืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืืขืืจื ืืืืื ืืขืจืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืจืื ืชืืื ืื ืืื ืืจืืื, ืืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืคืจืื ืืื ื, ืืฆืืจืืื ืืืชืืืื ืงืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืชืืื ืื.
ืืืืื, ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื, ื ืคืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืฆื ืืืื. ืืกืคืจื ืืื ืื, ืืชืจืฉืืื ืืื ืืืจืขื ืงืืืฉื ืจืฉืืื ืื ืคืฉ ืืื. ืืื ืจืฉืืื ืืืช ืื"ื, ืืืชืจืฉืื ืืืฉืจื ืงืืืฉื, ืืื ืฉืืจ ืจืฉืืืื ืืขืืื.
ืืขืืฃ ืืขืืคืฃ ืขื ืืืจืฅ. ืื ืืืืื ืืืืก ืื ืขืืื ืื' ืืืกืื, ืืืืื ืชืื ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืงืืืื ืงืืืฉื. ืืืฆืืจืื ืืชืงื ื ืืื ืืืจืกืืื, ืืืืืืจื ืืคืืืื, ืื ืืจืกืืื ืืืืื"ื. ืืื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืจื ืชืื.
ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืชื ืื ืื ืืืืืืื. ืชืจืื, ืืืื ืขืจืื ืืคืจืืขื, ืืืืจื ืืขืจืื, ืืคืจืืขื ืืืชืจ. ืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืื ืืงืื. ืืืช ืื ื ืคืฉ ืืืื ืืจืืืฉืช, ืื ืจืฉืืื ืื"ืช ืงืืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืงืืืจื. ืืฉืจ ืฉืจืฆื ืืืื, ืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืชืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืช ืจืฉืืื ืื.
ืืืืื ืื ืืชืจืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืจืฉืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืชืชื, ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืจืฉืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืืืฉืชืืืืขื ืืื ืกืืจ ืงืืืฉื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืฃ ืืฉืจืื ืจืฉืืืื, ืืืฉืชืืืืขื, ืืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืขืืื ืขืื"ื ืืืชืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืชืืจ. ืืืื ืืจืฉืื ืืื, ืืื ืจืฉืื ืืขืืจื ืืขืืคื ืืืืื, ืืืขืืจื ืืขืืคื ืืขืืื ืขืื"ื. ืืืื ืืืืงืืื ืืืฉืจืื.
Chapter 28
ืคืงืืื ืชืืื ืื, ืืืจืื ืืืืจื ืืขืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืืื ืืืขืืื ืชืืืช ืืืคืื ืืฉืืื ืชื. ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืชืืืช ืืืคืื ืืืื ืื ืืืชืคืจืฉื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืกืืื, ืืืชืงืจืืื ืืืื. ืืืชืื ืชืืฆื ืืืจืฅ ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืืืื ื.
ืืื ืชืืื, ืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืช, ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืืื ื. ืืื ืืืกืืจืื ืืืืจืื, ืื ืืื ืื ืื, ืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืจืฅ, ืืืืื ืืื, ืชืืืช ืืืคืื.
ืืืคื ืืืื ื ืืืช ืื ืชืจืื ืืืกืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืืคื, ืืชืคืจืฉื ืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืื ืงืจืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืกืืจืื ืืืื. ืืชืืืช ืืืคื ืฉืืืื, ืืืช ืชืจืื ืืืกืืจืื ืืืจื ืื, ืืืชืคืจืฉื ืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืื, ืืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืืื ืืงืจืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื.
ืืืื ืืืจืื ืกืชืืืื ืืืจื ืื, ืืืืืืื ืืืจื ืื, ืืื ืืืคื ืืืืคื. ืืื ืืืื ื ืคืงื ืจืืืื, ืืืคืจืฉื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืชืืืืจืื. ืืืงืจืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ื. ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืชืืืช ืืืคืื ืืฉืืื ืชื, ืืื ืืชืืจ.
ืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืืืฉืจืื, ื ืคืงื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืื ื, ืืืชืื ืคืจืืื ื ืฉืืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืฅ, ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืื, ืืจืื ืื ืชืืื ืืชื ืืจืฅ ืืคืฅ. ืืขื ืื, ืืฉืจืื, ืื ืืงืืจ ืืืื ืืขืื ืขืืื, ืืืงืจืื ืืขืืืกืื ืื ื ืืื. ืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืจ. ืืชื, ืืืืจืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืงื ืืืืื ื ืขืืื, ื"ืฉ ืืืืคื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืจ, ืืืืืจื ืชืืืช ืืืคื ืฉืืื ืชื ืืื ืืชืืจ, ืืืจื ืืฆืืง ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืฉืจืื ืืืชืืืื, ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ. ืืืืื ืื ืชืืฆื ืืืจืฅ ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืืืื ื. ืืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืืชื ืืจืฅ ืืืื ื, ืืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืืืื ืืื, ืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืงื ืืื ืื.
Chapter 29
ืคืงืืื ืชืฉืืขืื, ืืืืื ืืืกืื ื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืจืคื. ืืืชืื, ื ืขืฉื ืืื ืืฆืืื ื ืืืืืชื ื. ื ืขืฉื ืื"ื ืืฉืืชืคื, ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืงืื. ืืฆืืื ื ืขืชืืจื, ืืืืืชื ื ืืกืื ื.
ืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืืืจื ืขืชืืจื, ืืืกืืจื ืื ืืงืื ืืกืื ื, ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืชืคื ืืื, ืืืก ืื ืขื ืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืชืชื, ืืืืื ืขืชืืจื ืืืกืื ื ืืืืืจื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืื ืืื, ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื.
ืืืจืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืื', ืจืื ืื ื ืืืื ื ืืกืคืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืก ืขื ืืกืื ื ืืจืขืืชื ืืืื, ืื ืืฉืชื ื ืืืืงื ืื ืืขืื ืืืืืงื ื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื, ืืืืื ืืืืืงื ื ืืืื ืืชืจืฉืื ืืื, ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงื ื. ืื"ื ืืืืจืืื ืืืชืื ืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืื', ืืืื ืืขืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงื ื ืืืชืจืฉืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืคืงืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืกืชืืงื ืืจ ื ืฉ ืืืืืงื ืื ืืืื, ืขื ืื ืฉืืจ ืคืงืืืื.
ืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืฆืจ. ืืข"ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืกืื ื, ืื ืฉืจื ืขืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืื ื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืกืื ื, ืื ืืชืื ืขืื ืืืชื ืืคืื ืืืื ืืื', ืืื ืืฉืชื ื ืืืืงื ืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืื ื ื ืฉื, ืืื"ื ื ืขืฉื ืืื. ืืชืื ืืื ืขืฉืื, ืืืชืื ืืชื ืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืชื ืขืื ืืืื, ืืืขื.
Chapter 30
ืคืงืืื ืขืฉืืจืื, ืืื ืื ืชืคืืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืจืืื, ืืืืืงื ื ืขืืื. ืืืชืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืฆืืื. ืคืชื ืืืืจ ืจืืฉื ืขืืื ืืืจืื. ืืื ืงืจื ืืืงืืื ื. ืืืชืืจ, ืืื ืจืืฉื ืขืืื ืืืจืื, ืื ืจืืฉื ืขืืื, ืชืคืืืื ืืจืืฉื, ืฉืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืื"ื, ืืืชืืื ืจืฉืืืื, ืื ืืช ืืืช ืคืจืฉืชื ืืื, ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืืคื ืืกืืืจื ืืืชืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืชื ื ืื ืฉื ื"ื ื ืงืจื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืื, ืืืื ืชืคืืื ืืจืืฉื, ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืกืืืจื ืืืชืืื.
ืคืจืฉืชื ืงืืืื ืงืืฉ ืื ืื ืืืืจ. ืื ื', ืืืืื ืงืืฉ, ืืืืจื ืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืขืืืื. ืคืืจ ืื ืจืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืงืืง ืื ืืช ืื ืื"ื. ืืืืื ืืคืชื ืจืืื ืืืขืื ืคืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืช, ืืืืื ืงืืฉ ืขืืื.
ืคืจืฉืชื ืชื ืืื ื, ืืืื ืื ืืืืื. ืื ื', ืืืืื ืืืชืคืชื ืจืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื"ื, ืืืืฉืื ืคืชืืื ืืืกืืจืืื ืืืืจืื ืกืชืืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืคืืจ ืืขืืื ืื"ื, ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืฉืืข ืื ืงืื ืื ื ืคืงื ืืื ืฉืืคืจ ืื, ืืืื ืืฉืืคืจ ืื ืืื ืกืชืื ืืื ืกืืจืื, ืืืชื ืื"ื ืืคืชื ืืื, ืืืคืงื ืื ืื ืงืื ืืืืื ืืืคืชื ืืื, ืชืงืข ืืื, ืืืคืืง ืื ืื ืงืื, ืืืคืงื ืขืืืื ืืืืจื.
ืืืชืงืืขื ืืฉืืคืจื ืื, ื ืคืงื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฆืจืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืกืืฃ ืืืืื. ืืื ืคืืจืงื ื ืืืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืชืื. ืืื"ื ืืืช ืื ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืคืจืฉืชื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืชื, ืืืืื ืืื"ื ืืคืชื ืจืืื ืืืื ืืืคืืง ืงืืื ืืคืืจืงื ื ืืขืืืื, ืืื ื', ืืช ืชื ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื.
ืคืจืฉืชื ืชืืืชืื, ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืข ืืฉืจืื, ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืชืืืืื, ืืืื ื ืืื ืืื. ืคืจืฉืชื ืจืืืขืื, ืืืื ืื ืฉืืืข, ืืืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืจืื ืืืชืืืืช ืืื ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืชืชื. ืืื ื' ืืชืจืื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืชืืืืืช ืื ืืื.
ืืชืคืืืื ืืชืืื ืืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืื ืื ืืืฉ, ืืขื ืื ืจืืฉื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืชืคืืืื ืืจืืฉื. ืืืืช ืจืืฉื, ืืืื ืชืคืื ืฉื ืื, ืืืืื ืืกืื ื ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืช ืื ืืืืื ื ืืืขืืื.
ืืื ืืกืืจ ืืจืืืื. ืงืฉืืจ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืชื, ืืืชืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืขื ืื, ืืื ืืืชืชืงื ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืฃ ืืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืงื ืืืืช. ืืืจ ืื ืงืื ืืจื ืืืชื. ืชืคืืืื ืืจืืฉื ืืชืคืื ืฉื ืื, ืืืื ืื.
Chapter 31
ืคืงืืื ืืืกืจ, ืืขืฉืจื ืืขืฉืจื ืืืจืขื ืืื ืืืช ืชืจืื ืคืงืืืื: ืื, ืืขืฉืจื ืืขืฉืจื ืืืจืขื. ืืื ืืืืจื ืืคืืจื ืืืื ื, ืืืชืื ืื ื ื ืชืชื ืืื ืืช ืื ืขืฉื ืืืจืข ืืจืข ืืฉืจ ืขื ืคื ื ืื ืืืจืฅ. ืืชืื ืืื, ืื ื ื ืชืชื. ืืืชืื ืืชื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ื ื ืชืชื ืืช ืื ืืขืฉืจ ืืืฉืจืื. ืืืชืื ืืื ืืขืฉืจ ืืืจืฅ ืืืจืข ืืืจืฅ ืืคืจื ืืขืฅ ืื' ืืื.
Chapter 32
ืคืงืืื ืชืจืืกืจ, ืืืืืชืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ื, ืืืชืื ืืืช ืื ืืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ืื ืคืจื ืขืฅ ืืืจืข ืืจืข. ืื ืืื ืืืชืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืืื. ืืชืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืฉืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืื. ื ืชืชื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืชืจืืืื.
Chapter 33
ืคืงืืื ืชืืืกืจ. ืืืขืื ืคืืจืงื ื ืืืจืื ืืงืฉืจื ืืื ืืืืื. ืืชืจืื ืืื ื ื ืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืชื, ืืงืืืืื ืขืืื ืื"ื . ืืื ืืคืจืืง ื"ื ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืคืจืืง ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขืืื. ืืจืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื, ืืืื. ืืื ื ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืืืื. ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืืืืช. ืืขื ืื, ืืืืื ืคืืจืงื ื ืืชืงืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืชืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืช. ืืคืืจืงื ื ืื, ืงื ื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืฉื ืฉืืง ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื.
Chapter 34
ืคืงืืื ืืจืืืกืจ, ืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืชื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืจืืฉืืช. ืืื ืืืืื ืชืจืื ืคืงืืืื, ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืช. ืืื ืืงืฉืจื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืฉืื. ืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืชื, ืืื ืืืืืจื ื ืืืชืขืจื ื ืขืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื, ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืืื ืืืชืขืืืื, ืขื ืืืชืงืืฉ ืืืื.
ืืืื ืืืชืงืืฉ ืืืื, ืืฉืชืืจ ืืจืืื ืืจืืืื. ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืคื. ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืข ืงื"ื ืืืขืืื ืืงืืฉื ืืืื, ืขื ืืืชืืจืื ืืืคืื ืืื ื ืจืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืจืข, ืืชืขืจ ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืจืข. ืืืขื ืืืชืชืงืคื ืืขืืื, ืืืชืคืจืฉื ืืื ืจืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืชืชืงืคื ืืขืืื ืืืืคืื.
ืืืื ืืืื ืงื"ื ืื, ืืชืขืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืจืืื, ืืืืฉ ืืืืื ื ืืืจื, ืืืชืขืจ ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืื, ืืืชืงืืฉ ืืืื. ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืชืขืจื ืืจืืืื, ืืกืืจื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืจื.
ืืืืืื ืืงืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืขื ืืื ืืงืืื ืกืืจื ืืืื, ืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืงื ืงืืืืื ืืคืืื ืจืืขื ืืื. ืืื ืืกืืืชื ืืงืืื ืงื"ื, ืืืืื ืงืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืืืื, ืืืงืืื ืงืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื, ืืืชืงืืื ืขืืื. ืืื ืืืฉืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืชืื ื ืืขืืื ืืืชืชืงืคื, ืืชืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืื ืืืชืชืงืฃ, ืืืชืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืจืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืืจื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืื, ืขืื ืชื ืืืืืืื ืืืืขื ืื, ืืฉืืช ืืฉืืช.
ืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืืขืื ืขืืืื ืกืืจื ืืงืืืฉื, ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืจืื ืืืื, ืืืืืช ืื ืืื ืื ืืงื ืืฉืืฉื ืขืจืกืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืคืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืคืงืื ืืชืื ืืื ื ืืคืื. ืืฉืจื ืขืืืืื ืจืืืื ืืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื. ืืืื ืื ืจืืืื ืขืจืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืืงืื, ืืฉืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืงืืืืช ืืื.
ืืืื ืืืชืงืืฉ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืงืืืฉื ืขื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืจื ืืืขืืจืช ืืจืื ืืืืืจืช ืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืืืืื ืืฉืืชื. ืืจ ืื ืืกืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืขื ืฉืจืื ืืืืืจื, ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืฉื, ืืืืชืจ ืืืืจืื ืื ื ืืงืื ืืชืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืื ืคืง ืฉืืชื, ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืืื ืคืจืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืื, ืืขื ืื ืืชืงื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืคืืขืื, ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขื ืขืื ืงืืืฉื.
ืืื ืืชืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืื ื ืคืงื ืืืืืื, ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืขืื ืงืืืฉื. ืืืืื ืืื ืืฆืืืชื, ืืืืจืื ืฉืืจืชื ืื, ืืืฉืืจืืชื ืืืืื ืืฆืืืชื, ืืืืืื ืขื ืืืืก, ืคืจืื ืืชืื, ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื. ืจืืื ื ืืฉืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืกืืจื ืืืฉื.
ืชืืชื ืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืืฉื ืืืจืืืืื. ืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืจืืื. ืชื ืืื ื, ืืื ืืืจืง ื ืืื ืื ืคืจืืจืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืช. ืชืืืชืื, ืืื ืืืืงืื ืฉืจืื ืืืคืงื ืืฉืืชื, ืขื ืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืงืืืฉื ืืกืืจื, ืืืจืื ืื ืืจื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืงื ืืืื ื ืืจื, ืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืืืืชื ืืืช ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืงื ืืืืื ืฉืืชืืช, ืืืื ืื ืืขื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงืื ืฉืจืื, ืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ืื, ืืืืจื ืืื ืื ื ื' ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืื' ืฆื ืืฃ ืืฆื ืคื ืฆื ืคื ืืืืจ ืื ืืจืฅ ืจืืืช ืืืื.
ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืงื ื ืืจื ืื ื ืคืืง ืฉืืชื, ืขื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฆืืืชื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืกื, ืืืื ืืขื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืช ืืื, ืืงืืืฉื ืืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืขืื ื ืืืฉืขืชื ืืืืืืืื ืขื ืืกื, ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืืื ืืืชืื ื ืขื ืืืื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืืชืจืื ืืคืืืื ืื ืืืชืื ื ืขืืื.
ืืืื ืืื ืขืื ืฉืืชื ืืืชืงืืฉ ืืืื, ืงืืฉ ืืชืขืจ ืืฉืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ืืชืขืื ืืฉืืืื ืืชื ืืืืื, ืขื ืฉืขืชื ืื ืคืืง ืฉืืชื ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืชืจืืืื. ืืืข"ื ืื ืคืืง ืฉืืชื, ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืชืจืืืื ืขื ืืื ื ืืืืจื ืืฉืจืื ืื"ื ืืืืืื ืืื ืงืืฉ ืืืื, ืืืื ืงืืฉ ืืกืชืืง, ืืืฉืจืืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืชืขืจืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืชืจืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืืจืื ืืืชืคืงื ืขืืื.
ืืขื ืื ืื, ืื ืฉืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืจืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืืืื ืืงืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืฉ, ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืื ืืจื ืืืืกืืื ืื ืืจื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขื ืขืืื ืชืชืื, ืืื ืื ืื ื"ื ืืืืืง ืฉืจืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืฉื ืืกืืจื.
ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชืื ืขื ืืืฉืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืกืืจื, ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืฆืืืงืื ืขืืืืื ืืื ื ืืงื"ื, ืืืื ืื ืืงืืืื ืขื ืืืื ื"ื ืื ืืจืืื ืืงื ืืืจื ืฆืืืจื, ืืืชื ืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืชื ืืขืืจ ืืืจืื ืืชื ืืฉืื ืืื'.
ืืฉืจื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืืืื ื"ื. ืืืื ืจืข ืืืขื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืจืขื. ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืืกื ื ืฉืืชืื, ืืฉืจื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื, ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืจืข, ืืืกืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืงื"ื. ื"ื, ืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืฉืจืื ืขื ืขืืื, ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืืืชืืจ, ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืืืื ื' ืืืื ืืืชืืกืจ ืืื ื ืืืืื ืจืขื ืืฉืืืื ืขื ืขืืื.
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse